Background: Integrated circuits are fabricated layer by layer. It is crucial to their performance that these layers well aligned each other, and any undesired translation of a called overlay. Thus far, overlay measurements have been limited visible wavelengths, but the use materials opaque wavelengths necessitates using infrared light. Aim: We set out demonstrate an sensor based on digital holo...

this study was carried out to determine nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of rangeland plants using spectral reflectance value. the measurements were made in 1 m2 area of different parts of a rangeland. a portable spectroradiometer capable of measuring the wavelength range of 325-1,075 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum was used to collect spectral data. spectral measurements were ma...

Highly ordered periodic mesoporous organosilica synthesized from a newly designed 9(10H)-acridone bridged organosilane precursor exhibited efficient light-harvesting antenna properties for visible light, at wavelengths up to 450 nm.

The visible absorption spectra of Kodak X-Omat V film, which had been exposed to various doses of radiation, have been investigated to analyse the dosimetry characteristics of the film with various densitometers. Common densitometers can use fluorescent light (broad band visible), helium-neon (632 nm) or other spectra of specific bandwidth. The visible absorption spectra show a slight peak in a...

treatment with antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, alternative approaches such as lethal photosensitization are being used. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of visible light and laser beam radiation in conjugation with three different photosensitizers on the survival of two main periodontopathogenic bacteria including porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum in di...

An understanding of the effects of sunlight on human skin begins with the effects on DNA and extends to cells, animals and humans. The major DNA photoproducts arising from UVB (280-320 nm) exposures are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. If unrepaired, they may kill or mutate cells and result in basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Although UVA (320-400 nm) and visible wavelengths are poorly absorbe...

We have obtained stationary bright spatial solitons in a planar photorefractive strontium barium niobate waveguide for visible light ranging from 514.5 to 780 nm. Even for larger wavelengths (lambda=1047 nm) strong self-focusing of the beam was observed; however, input power had to be some orders of magnitude higher than for visible light for self-focusing to occur. Furthermore, we found transi...

The wavelength dependence of the one-photon absorption-induced photodegradation rate has been measured from the visible to the near IR for a variety of electro-optic chromophore-doped polymers. Systematic behavior is identified. The lifetime of the electro-optic activity is found to increase exponentially over 4-6 orders of magnitude for wavelengths ranging from peak of absorption, typically in...