Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human fungal pathogens have been implicated in virulence, yet little is known about their role the host-pathogen interaction. Progress has hampered by lack of a specific marker for EVs that can be used to monitor EV isolation and tracking biological systems. Here we report effect SUR7 gene knockout on production, properties, virulence Candida albicans. Sur7 com...

During conditions of nutrient limitation bacteria undergo a series of global gene expression changes to survive conditions of amino acid and fatty acid starvation. Rapid reallocation of cellular resources is brought about by gene expression changes coordinated by the signalling nucleotides' guanosine tetraphosphate or pentaphosphate, collectively termed (p)ppGpp and is known as the stringent re...

When gene sequences from the influenza virus that caused the 1918 pandemic were first compared with those of related viruses, they yielded few clues about its origins and virulence. Our reanalysis indicates that the hemagglutinin gene, a key virulence determinant, originated by recombination. The "globular domain" of the 1918 hemagglutinin protein was encoded by a part of a gene derived from a ...

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli (E.coli) is one of the most common and important causative bacterium of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both dogs and humans. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify virulence genes and a phylogenetic group of E. coli isolated from the urine of dogs suffering from UTIs. METHODS: <em...

Avian colibacillosis is a costly disease for the poultry industry. The mechanisms of virulence employed by the etiologic agent of this disease remain ill defined. However, accumulated evidence suggests that complement resistance and the presence of the increased serum survival gene (iss) in an avian Escherichia coli isolate may be indicative of its ability to cause disease. This association of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of STEC and EPEC strains and E. coli O157 serogroup in some Equidae and Canidae. The fecal samples of 79 animals from 6 different species were evaluated for presence of these strains. All the Isolates were tested for virulence genes using multiplex-PCR. Non-sorbitol fermenting (NSF) Escherichia coli isolates and positive strains for virule...

We previously reported that disruption of the yjbI gene reduced virulence Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we found in both silkworms and mice was restored by introducing yjbH but not to genes-disrupted mutants, suggesting yjbH, downstream a two-gene operon-yjbIH, is responsible for phenomenon. further observed decrease various surface-associated proteins changes cell envelope glycostructu...

results the frequency of the baba2, icea1 and icea2 genes in the total isolates were 34 (54%), 14 (22.2%) and 34 (54%), respectively. the association of these virulence factors based on sex and age groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). there was a borderline significant association between icea1 and the clinical outcomes (p = 0.094). patients and methods in this study, 63 positi...