khorasan razavi province with the total precipitations of less than 225 mm/year and total area of irrigated area of 1087466 hectare is considered as one of the most important agricultural region in iran. this province has also important role in local and national economy. lack of perennial river and little amount of surface water has caused 1.06 billion cubic meter of over withdrawn from ground...

The popularity of Massively Multi-Player Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) has risen dramatically over the last decade. Some gamers spend many hours a day in these virtual environments interacting with other gamers, completing quests, and forming social groups. The present study set out to explore the experiences and feelings of online gamers. The study comprised 71 interviews with online gam...

As virtual economies begin to interact more with real world economies, it is important to consider the in-game activities that players engage in, which create and transfer game currency. Specifically, we examine products and services that players offer to each other within MMORPGs. We use Bartle’s taxonomy of player types to illustrate the different behavioral approaches players have in consumi...

Virtual communities include everything from discussion boards to massive multiplayer online role-playing games and virtual realities such as Second Life. The business world has assumed that virtual communities can be leveraged to provide access to consumers and consumer data. The benefits of this assumption have not always been realized. The purpose of this article is to understand why some bus...

Leveraging the experiential cognition and motivational factors of 3D games, we conduct a pilot study that utilizes Ever Quest 2 as pedagogical learning tool for English as a second language (ESL) students. We combine the benefits of massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and second language methodology to create a digital learning environment for second language acquisition (SL...