This paper outlines the operating principles and application of ultrasonic gas flow metering for custody transfer. Basic principles and underlying equations are discussed, as are considerations for applying ultrasonic flow meter technology to station design, installation, and operation. These applications are illustrated based on operating experience with the SICK ultrasonic flow meter, however...

An inexpensive yet portable device for calibrating four different flow meters in the undergraduate fluid mechanics laboratory was designed and constructed. The apparatus contains a rotameter, a turbine-type meter, a venturi meter, and an orifice meter. All four meters are calibrated simultaneously using a volumetric measuring tank. Results obtained by undergraduate students are presented, and a...

unaccounted-for-water is a misleading term long used by water industry. unaccounted-for-water includes unmeasured volume of water that run out of access from supply to end consumer and consequently leads no revenue for supplier. examples of water losses are: meter inaccuracies, illegal connection and unauthorized usage of water, abnormal meter reading, reservoir seepage and leakage, reservoir o...

beyond its quantity, natural light has unique properties used intelligently in iranian historical architecture in order to transfer spiritual concepts. religious buildings are a good context for re-reading of light concept. due to its valuable place in iranian-islamic belief as well as its direct relationship with wisdom and philosophy, the qualitative presence of light in architecture, aimed a...

Wireless automatic meter reading (AMR) system based on a fixed radio network brings many advantages when compared to other meter reading techniques. After an introduction to the state of the art of AMR systems in general, and particularly of water meter reading system, a wireless automatic water-meter reading system founded on ZigBee technology is presented. Set forth in the text are main chara...

The French Academy units of time and length — the second and the meter — are traditionally considered independent from each other. However, it is a matter of fact that a meter simple pendulum beats virtually the second in each oscillation, a 'surprising' coincidence that has no physical reason. We shortly review the steps that led to the choice of the meter as the ten millionth part of the quad...

The smart meter is an important intelligent device on the Smart Grid that has the capability to report information related to power consumption, billing and other significant readings. The protection of smart meter communications against attacks is essential to ensure reliable operations of the Smart Grid. In this paper, we give an overview of smart meter applications, and we discuss the securi...

This paper briefs on the smart meter functionality requirements and discusses the challenges it poses to the energy meter design and proposes methods to achieve an architecture which is scalable and modular. Also, the paper discusses the key care about for choosing a Real time operating system for smart meter application and silicon SOC architecture required for implementing the software.

A new miniature Wright peak-flow meter has been designed and produced. The meter is tubular with a spring-loaded piston and a longitudinal slot through which air escapes. Its dynamic characteristics have been carefully designed to make it respond only to peak flow and not to rate of rise. Performance tests on early instruments showed fairly close correlation with the Wright peak-flow meter but ...