There is a worldwide attempt to develop prevention strategies against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here we examined the effectiveness of tungsten trioxide (WO3)-based visible light-responsive photocatalyst on inactivation under different temperatures and exposure durations. The viral titer photocatalyst-coated glass slides decreased from 5.93 ± 0.38 logTCID50 /mL 3.05 ±. 25 logTCID50/mL after 3,000...

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a widespread pathogen of Apis mellifera honey bees, and considered major causative factor for the collapse infected bee colonies. DWV can be horizontally transmitted among bees through various oral routes, including via food sharing by interactions with viral-contaminated solid hive substrates. Cold plasma ionized hydrogen peroxide (iHP) used extensively production,...

Capsid-targeted viral inactivation (CTVI), a conceptually powerful new antiviral strategy, is attracting increasing attention from researchers. Specifically, this strategy is based on fusion between the capsid protein of a virus and a crucial effector molecule, such as a nuclease (e.g., staphylococcal nuclease, Barrase, RNase HI), lipase, protease, or single-chain antibody (scAb). In general, c...

Consumers are driving food production toward the use of natural preservatives and minimal processing technologies. Green tea extract (GTE) at low concentration could be combined with high pressure (HPP) for reduced treatment times quality impact on foods in a hurdle concept synergistic effects foodborne viral pathogens, specifically human norovirus hepatitis A virus (HAV). Viral inactivation by...

Protein kinase R (PKR) is a vital component of host innate immunity against viral infection. However, the mechanism underlying inactivation of PKR by influenza A virus (IAV) remains elusive. Here, we found that vault RNAs (vtRNAs) were greatly induced in A549 cells and mouse lungs after infection with IAV. The viral NS1 protein was shown to be the inducer triggering the upregulation of vtRNAs. I...

Fresh water obtained from nine sources was shown to cause inactivation of poliovirus. Further testing with four of these water samples showed that enteric viruses from different genera were consistently inactivated in these freshwater samples. Studies on the cause of inactivation were conducted with echovirus type 12 as the model virus. The results revealed that the virucidal agents in the wate...

Whole inactivated vaccines (WIVs) possess greater immunogenicity than split or subunit vaccines, and recent studies have demonstrated that WIVs with preserved fusogenic activity are more protective than non-fusogenic WIVs. In this work, we describe the inactivation of human influenza virus X-31 by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and analyze the effects on the structure by spectroscopic measurem...

Possible mechanisms that lead to inactivation of feline calicivirus (FCV) by cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) generated in 99% argon-1% O2 admixture were studied. We evaluated the impact of CAP exposure on the FCV viral capsid protein and RNA employing several cultural, molecular, proteomic and morphologic characteristics techniques. In the case of long exposure (2 min) to CAP, the reacti...

Final extents of fusion of influenza virus (A/PR/8/34 strain) with neutral and partially acidic liposomes were monitored with (i) a fluorescence resonance energy-transfer assay in which the liposomes were labeled and (ii) by the dequenching of octadecylrhodamine, initially incorporated in the viral membrane. The latter assay was also employed in the fusion of influenza virus and Sendai virus wi...

X inactivation studies have been carried out on 22 pairs of female monozygotic twins, one set of female monozygotic triplets, and their mothers and singleton sisters, using the probe M27 beta. Forty-eight per cent of the twins, 55% of their mothers, and 42% of their singleton sisters showed skewed X inactivation. Two of the triplets and their mother had random X inactivation, while the third tr...