CONTEXT Several risk factors play the role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from which chronic hepatitis B and C infections are the most important ones. DNA integration of hepatitis viruses alters the function of critical genes promoting malignant transformation of virus-infected liver cells. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION There are remarkable geographic differences in prevalence of...

The mechanisms that determine viral clearance or viral persistence in chronic viral hepatitis have yet to be identified. Recent advances in molecular genetics have permitted the detection of variations in immune response, often associated with polymorphism in the human genome. Differences in host susceptibility to infectious disease and disease severity cannot be attributed solely to the virule...

BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a serious health burden worldwide. To date, few reports have addressed the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, and E in China. Therefore, the general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis remain unknown. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this cross-sectional study, we performed a serological prevalence analysis of viral hepatitis A, B, C, and E in 8,762 randomly selecte...

BACKGROUND Liver-related mortality has been increasing worldwide. We aimed to estimate the age-standardized mortality rates from viral hepatitis in Brazil. METHODS The Brazilian National Death Registry was analyzed from 2008 to 2014. Viral hepatitis deaths were defined by the following ICD-10 codes in the death certificate: hepatitis A [B15.0; B15.9]; hepatitis B [B16.2; B16.9; B18.1]; hepati...

Although transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been recognised as a potential hazard of gastrointestinal endoscopy, there has been little evidence of direct patient-to-patient cross-infection after such procedures. We wish to report a case of type B viral hepatitis almost certainly acquired at endoscopy from an instrument sterilised in the conventional manner, but which had...

PURPOSE Hepatitis B viral markers may be useful for predicting outcomes such as liver-related deaths or development of hepatocellular carcinoma. We determined the frequency of these markers in different clinical stages of chronic hepatitis B infection. METHODS We compared baseline hepatitis B viral markers in 317 patients who were enrolled in a prospective study and identified the frequency o...

Viral hepatitis and its acute and chronic complications continue to pose significant threats to the readiness of military personnel. Knowledge about the specific viral agents and their routes of transmission are important in developing prevention strategies. A recent analysis of hepatitis in the US Navy for the period 1975-1984 is reviewed. In order to better characterize the risk of viral hepa...

Burden of Viral Hepatitis on Human Health Compared to better-publicized infectious diseases such as HIV or malaria, viral hepatitis is often referred to as a silent killer. • Of the five hepatitis viruses (A-E), hepatitis B, C, and D viruses cause chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. Hepatitis B, C and D viruses, transmitted through blood and body fluids, ...

This study investigated features and clinical implications of HBV mutations in patients with different clinical manifestations. In total, 516 patients were enrolled in this study, including 131 patients with acute hepatitis B, 239 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and 146 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. HBV genotypes and mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing of complete vi...