Introduction: Mutations in the NOD2 gene are associated with the development of Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The NOD2 protein induces cellular activation in response to the bacterial antigen muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The NOD2 gene is mainly expressed by circulating blood monocytes although NOD2-associated Crohn’s disease involves mainly the terminal il...

Tumours of odontogenic origin have been reported in various domestic animals. Ameloblastic fibroodontomais a rare tumour derived from odontogenic epithelium and pulpal mesenchyme. Plain andformalised sections from masses on the front of the cranial aspect of the jaw and the end of the tongue of acastrated beef cattle from an abattoir was submitted to Mt Pleasant laboratories, Launceston, Austra...

introduction spinal tumours may be classified in three groups: 1) extradural, 2) intradural extramedullary and 3) intramedullary spinal cord tumours. intradural extramedullary tumours arise from the leptomeninges or nerve roots and include schwannomas. a schwannoma is usually a firm grey-whitish tumour growing near a nerve trunk or ramus. it can be separated from the nerve without damaging neur...