S econd only to the discovery of insulin by Sir Frederick G. Banting, the development of an ‘‘End Result System’’ by Ernest A. Codman MD was the greatest contribution to general medicine by an orthopaedic surgeon. You may know Codman more for his eponymous Codman’s Triangle (made by the elevated periosteum adjacent to a long bone tumor) or for his classification of proximal humeral fractures (w...

Where new neurons come from he brain has come alive with the sightings of stem cells, but the molecular handles on those cells are few. On page 169, Belachew et al. identify and characterize a new population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that can generate neurons in the postnatal mouse brain. In previous work, the researchers identified cells that express CNP in transgenic mice using a CNP-GFP ma...

2014 Transient Capacitance Spectroscopy (DLTS) in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor structures is usually analysed assuming that the only contribution to the variations in the semiconductor surface capacitance originates in detrapping of carriers from defects at the Si/SiO2 interface or in the Si or SiO2 bulks. Using original pulse configurations, we have detected, in all samples investigated, capacita...

In the past, researchers have had an interest in understanding the hidden secrets of locomotion. To a large extend, we are able to analyze animal locomotion by using high speed cameras, kinematic tracking systems, and ground reaction force measurement devices. This allows us to see what exactly goes on when an animal or human walks, runs, or climbs; thereby gaining more insights into how nature...

The diagnosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness remains problematic despite the available guidelines; misdiagnosis between the vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) is estimated to hover around 40%. Neurologists are also confronted with many unresolved issues that vex both the patient’s family and the health team, prominent among which are pain, affective responsivenes...

It was only a matter of time before the portmanteau term ‘‘genethics’’ would be coined and a whole field within bioethics delineated. The term can be dated back at least to 1984 and the work of James Nagle, who claims credit for inventing the word, which he takes ‘‘to incorporate the various ethical implications and dilemmas generated by genetic engineering with the technologies and application...

John Gurdon’s [1] and Shinya Yama­ naka’s [2] Nobel Prize involves discov­ eries that vex fundamental concepts about the stability of cellular identity [3,4], ageing as a rectified path and the differ­ ences between germ cells and somatic cells. The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into progeny, including spermatids [5] and oocytes [6], is perplexing. In vivo, nature imposes str...

The conductance of a weakly interacting electron gas in the presense of a single scatterer is found at arbitrary strength of the scattering potential. At weak interaction, a simple renormalization group approach can be used instead of the standard bosonization procedure. Our technique allows to take into account the backscattering of electrons that leads to a non-Luttinger-liquid behavior of th...

JCB • VOLUME 170 • NUMBER 4 • 2005 514 The sticky business of discovering cadherins hen scientists move from one lab to another, the inevitable change in reagents or mysterious new water properties can vex even the most robust of experimental set-ups. But for Masatoshi Takeichi, a change in the recipe for a trypsin solution when he moved from Kyoto University to the Carnegie Institution Departm...

waveforms span a signal space, span{sk(t)} C L (I), of dimension N. Choosing an orthonormal basis of span{sk(t)) The joint detection of all users in a multiple access (MA) The joint detection of all users in a multiple access (MA) allows for us to represent each user signature as sk, the Ncommunication system in which user transmissions are cordimensional column vector of coefficients (with res...