In regions with a rough topography, e.g. the European Alps, the accuracy of geoid or quasigeoid models is often reduced. For the validation and accuracy assessment of gravimetric models, astronomical levelling is a well-suited independent method. In a test area, located in the German Alps, a new astrogeodetic data set was acquired using the Hannover Digital Zenith Camera System. Vertical deflec...

Although wake vortices are known to decay more rapidly near the ground than away from the ground, the details of the ground interaction are not well understood. Propeller anemometer arrays located under the approach path have been used to study vortex transport and provide some information about the vortex interaction with the ground, such as the generation of secondary vortices via boundary-la...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to be crucial for the development of peripheral vestibular neurons. However, the maturation profile of the BDNF signal transducing receptor, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in functionally activated otolith-related vestibular nuclear neurons of postnatal rats remains unexplored. In the present study, conscious Sprague-Dawley rats (P4 to adult) were sub...

Mock Walker cells driven by weak sea surface temperature (SST) forcing are studied using planetary-scale cloud system–resolving simulations and a simplified framework that represents convection with its linear response functions and parameterizes the large-scale flow based on the gravity wave equation. For sinusoidal SST forcings of the same amplitude, as the horizontal domain size increases, t...

[1] If the aerosol composition and size distribution below cloud are uniform, the vertical profile of cloud condensation nuclei concentration can be retrieved entirely from surface measurements of CCN concentration and particle humidification function and surfacebased retrievals of relative humidity and aerosol extinction or backscatter. This provides the potential for long-term measurements of...

Motivated by field studies of the Ems estuary which show longitudinal gradients in bottom sediment concentration as high as O(0.01 kg/m), we develop an analytical model for estuarine residual circulation based on currents from salinity gradients, turbidity gradients, and freshwater discharge. Salinity is assumed to be vertically well mixed, while the vertical concentration profile is assumed to...

II. Protoplanetary Disks 7 A. The star formation context 7 B. Passive circumstellar disks 8 1. Vertical structure 9 2. Radial temperature profile 9 3. Spectral energy distribution (SED) 10 4. Sketch of more complete models 11 C. Actively accreting disks 11 1. Diffusive evolution equation 12 2. Solutions 12 3. Temperature profile 14 4. Origin of angular momentum transport 15 5. Layered disks 17 ...

Iteration method for simultaneous estimation of vertical profiles of air temperature and water vapor with the high spectral resolution of sounder of AQUA/AIRS data is proposed. Through a sensitivity analysis based on the proposed method for the several atmospheric models simulated by MODTRAN, it is found that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method by 41.4% for air temperatur...

– Quantum mechanical analysis of the quantum confinement of ultrashort CMOS is numerically very expensive. In this paper we present a macroscopic model, which includes a new approach to match the vertical carrier profile and combines it with a classical model in lateral direction. The simulation results show a significant improvement concerning the accuracy of the carrier profile and the C/V ch...

The aim of this study was to determine the vertical and anteroposterior alterations in the soft, the dental and the skeletal tissues associated with the facial profile after Le Fort I maxillary impaction in conjunction with sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement performed in patients with a high angle Class II skeletal deformity.The study population consists of 21 patients (11 fema...