This paper concerns decompositions of smooth 4-manifolds as the union of two handlebodies, each with handles of index ≤ 2 (“Heegard” decompositions). In dimensions ≥ 5 results of Smale (trivial π1) and Wall (general π1) describe analogous decompositions up to diffeomorphism in terms of homotopy type of skeleta or chain complexes. In dimension 4 we show the same data determines decompositions up...

In this work, we describe an accelerated solid-phase synthetic protocol for ordinary or difficult peptides involving air-bath heating and amide protection. For the Hmsb-based backbone amide protection, an optimized acyl shift condition using 1,4-dioxane was discovered. The efficiency and robustness of the protocol was validated in the course of preparation of classical difficult peptides and ub...

The case histories of five young children are presented to demonstrate the radiological appearances of trauma to the spine thought to be the result of maltreatment by either parent or guardian. Four of the children were admitted to hospital within a period of three years, all being under the age of two years.

Spine motility analysis has become the mainstay for investigating synaptic plasticity but is limited in its versatility requiring complex, non automatized instrumentations. We describe an entropy-based method for determining the spatial distribution of dendritic spines that allows successful estimation of spine motility from still images. This method has the potential to extend the applicabilit...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of health professionals who migrated to rural and remote South Australia and the Northern Territory (Australia’s ‘spine’) between 2001 and 2011. Data from the Census of Population and Housing are analysed for evidence of the impact of major events of that period (drought, mining boom, Northern Territory Emergency Response, Global Finan...

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Correspondence to: Jonathan N. Sembrano, MD. Assistant Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Staff Orthopaedic Surgeon, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA. Email: [email protected]. Comment on: Ruatti S, Dubois C, Chipon E, et al. Interest of intra-operative 3D imaging in spine surgery: a prospective randomized study...

With the rate of spinal surgery increasing, we have seen a concomitant increase in the number of revision cases. It is, therefore, important to have a systematic approach to the management of these complicated patients with unique problems. A thorough understanding of the different pathologies affecting revision spine patients is critical to an effective treatment recommendation. Lateral access...

The pattern of variation of certain vertebral measurements along the vertebral column is known to differ in man and mouse. This paper investigates changes in this pattern in 7 species of small mammals and attempts to correlate them with locomotor adaptations and limb dimensions.

considerable alteration in others, so as to give us now what is almost a new book on the subject. We took occasion to point out in our review of the first edition that the author's strong point was evidently not pathology, and although we notice a great improvement in the present edition, yet the work is still mainly clinical. We are happy, however, to be able to say that from a clinical standp...

An overview of the morphology, taxonomy and distribution of all known species of the rhabdocoel taxon Acrochordonoposthia is provided. One new species A. vandeputae n. sp. is described from Graz (Austria). This new species can easily be distinguished from its congeners by the morphology of its copulatory organ, which contains a straight cirrus lined with spines. All species of Acrochordonoposth...