The interpretation of the verses of the Qur’an regarding women’s rights, role, and leadership is a challenge and much debatable subject. In Islam, the Qur’an is seen by almost all Muslims as the words of Allah (swt). The majority Muslim exegetes interpreted the verses of the Qur’an by applying a method of literal reading. In modern context, Muslim feminist interpreters of the Qur’an have applie...

We analyze the effects of redistricting as revealed in the votes received by the Democratic and Republican candidates for state legislature. We develop measures of partisan bias and the responsiveness of the composition of the legislature to changes in statewide votes. Our statistical model incorporates a mixed hierarchical Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimation, requiring simulation along the li...

Ferejohn and Shipan introduce a game theoretic model of sequential statutory policymaking, in which an administrative agency implements a regulatory policy and three actors court, legislature, and executive are then allowed to sequentially respond by not acting or overturning the agency decision in favor of an alternative policy. The authors find that the agency has substantial policymaking dis...