Background: Venous ulcer is the most common affecting lower limbs, usually associated with varicose veins. They are diagnosed by their location, morphology, skin changes, and association venous insufficiency. complicated local scarring, ankylosis of ankle joint, occasionally malignancy. Diagnosis confirmed duplex imaging. significantly reduce quality life due to pain, reduced mobility leading l...

The purpose of this review is to define animal models of chronic venous disease and to demonstrate how animal studies can impact our understanding and treatment of this disorder. To this end an extensive literature search was conducted highlighting potential animal models of chronic lower extremity venous disease. Scientific investigations using animals to study particular aspects of this disea...

The extract from horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Sapindaceae), standardised for the content of aescin, is used as the treatment for chronic venous insufficiency. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oedematous properties and indicates a positive effect on the venous tone, rheological properties, and blood coagulability. The mechanism of horse chestnut seed extract/aescin activity ...

Reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) is the name introduced by Tappeiner and Pfleger in 1963 to refer to a rare condition characterized by a benign proliferation of endothelial cells. It has been observed in patients with concurrent systemic diseases, in whom vascular occlusion or underlying vascular disease favors a reactive proliferation of endothelial cells. Presentation varies from multipl...

A chronic state of impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), is claimed to be a pathologic phenomenon exclusively seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). This has invigorated the causal debate of MS and generated immense interest in the patient and scientific communities. A potential shift in the treatment paradigm of MS involv...

Copyright © 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society. A 52-year-old receptionist presents with an ulcer on her ankle that has persisted for a year. The use of narcotic analgesics once or twice a day and elevation of the leg reduce the pain. She does not have a history of diabetes and does not smoke. Physical examination reveals an ulcer, approximately 5 cm in diameter, above the medial malleolus. The...

Preoperative venous duplex scanning has revealed unexpected deep venous incompetence in patients with apparently only varicose veins. Acting on the hypothesis that the deep vein reflux was secondary to deep vein dilation caused by reflux volume, the following was done. Between July 1990 and April 1993, 29 limbs in 21 patients (16 females) were examined by color-flow duplex imaging to determine ...

introduction: to compare endovenous laser ablation (evla) and radiofrequency ablation (rfa) in different legs in the same individual in patients with venous insufficiency. methods: sixty patients with bilateral saphenous vein insufficiency were included. evla or rfa was applied to one of the patient’s legs and rfa or evla to the other leg. results: evla and rfa complications were hyperemia at 2...