Driven by new laws and regulations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases, carriers are starting to use battery electric vehicles (BEVs) for last-mile deliveries. The limited battery capacities of BEVs necessitate visits to recharging stations during delivery tours of industry-typical length, which have to be considered in the route planning in order to avoid inefficient vehicle routes wit...

Unlike its deterministic counterpart, static and stochastic vehicle routing problems (SSVRP) aim at modeling and solving real-life operational problems by considering uncertainty on data. We consider the SS-VRPTW-CR introduced in Saint-Guillain et al. (2017). Like the SS-VRP introduced by Bertsimas (1992), we search for optimal first stage routes for a fleet of vehicles to handle a set of stoch...

Environmental, social and political pressures to limit the impacts associated with green house gas (GHG) emissions are mounting rapidly. To date there has been no or limited research which seeks to reduce emissions as the primary objective of a routing problem despite the fast growth and high impact of commercial vehicles. In the capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), it...

A combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for vehicle routing problems with time windows (VRPTW) is proposed in this paper. The improvements of the proposed algorithm include: using the particle real number encoding method to decode the route to alleviate the computation burden, applying a linear decreasing function based on the number of the iterations to provide...

The coming era of world has moved to an exceptional leading contest of innovations and inspiration. In this paper, an attempt has been made to find out a solution to ensure the safety of route to parents when their child is travelling to school and back to home. Recent years, spatial data and observed data, such as digital road map, traffic route, vehicle speed, recordings events and others are...

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW) is an extension to the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) where the fleet consists of electric vehicles (EVs). Since EVs have limited driving range due to their battery capacities they may need to visit recharging stations while servicing the customers along their route. The recharging may take place at an...

The vehicle routing problem with backhauls (VRPB) as an extension of the classical vehicle routing prob-lem (VRP) attempts to define a set of routes which services both linehaul customers whom product are to be delivered and backhaul customers whom goods need to be collected. A primary objective for the problem usually is minimizing the total distribution cost. Most real-life problems have othe...