BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The US Environmental Protection Agency has suggested faecal enterococci as the primary bacterial indicators. Of more importance is their direct correlation with swimmer-associated gastroenteritis in recreation water quality monitoring. In contrast to other seawater bodies with 3.5% salinity, the recreational waters in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea possess its o...

Abstract Purpose Aquatic bacteria of the genus Vibrio include animal and human pathogens. The occurrence -related diseases has been associated with current climate change-driven increase sea surface temperature. spp. can enter into viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, as a consequence starvation in seawater at low temperatures. In such physiological cells are no longer culturable on standard...

Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field due to the emergence of various resistant pathogens and failure commercial methods treatment. AgNPs have emerged as one best nanotechnology metal nanoparticles their large surface-to-volume ratio success efficiency in combating over years, with biological method synthesis being most effective environmentally friendly method. The primary mode action a...

The genus Arthrobacter was established in 1947 by Conn & Dimmick. So far, more than 70 recognized species of the genus Arthrobacter have been certified. Its special functions have been widely known by researchers, such as, in agricultural, in medical, in industrial, and in environmental areas, etc. What deserves to be mentioned is that some species of genus Arthrobacter have showed the function...

1) Microbial control is inadequate 2) It results in higher proportions of Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and nitrifying bacteria in biofilms 3) It induces the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in Legionella 4) Higher concentrations of nitrite and nitrate (regulated drinking water contaminants) can occur 5) It degrades to ammonium ion in premise plumbing treatments which can lead ...