OBJECTIVE The biological mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance have not been fully elucidated. We have shown that insulin resistance or glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice is related to a shift in the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells in adipose tissue. We sought to test the hypothesis that the balance of T-cell phenotypes would be similarly related to insulin re...

INTRODUCTION Two small randomized controlled trials have suggested beneficial effects of antibiotic treatment in patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT). The primary aim of this study is to determine the impact of appropriate antibiotic treatment on transition from VAT to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients. The secondary objective was to determi...

INTRODUCTION Several aspects of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT)-including diagnostic criteria, overlap with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and appropriate treatment regimens-remain poorly defined. The objectives of this study were to survey reported practices in the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of VAT and to evaluate perceptions of the impact of VAT on patient ou...

Determining the number of clusters in a data set is a critical issue in cluster analysis. The Visual Assessment of (cluster) Tendency (VAT) algorithm is an effective tool for investigating cluster tendency, which produces an intuitive image of matrix as the representation of complex data sets. However, VAT can be computationally expensive for large data sets due to its O N2 ð Þ time complexity....

Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Many studies have investigated the management and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), but few have focused on the role of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT). The pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract infections often begins w...

Chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) precipitates the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Although changes in T cell function associated with visceral obesity are thought to affect chronic VAT inflammation, the specific features of these changes remain elusive. Here, we have determined that a high-fat diet (HFD) caused a preferential increase and accumulation of CD44hiCD6...

BACKGROUND We examined the relation between objectively measured physical activity with accelerometry and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a community-based sample. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 1249 participants of the Framingham Third Generation and Omni II cohorts (mean age 51.7 years, 47% women) who underwent assessment of moderate-to-vigorous phys...

The difference between the maximum and minimum QT interval measured from a 12-lead electrocardiogram was defined as an index of spatial inhomogeneous repolarization of the ventricular myocardium. The causal relationship between QT dispersion and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias has been pointed out in various heart diseases, but until now it was discussed mainly related to sinus rhythm. QT ...

OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is responsible for secretion of several cytokines that mediate systemic effects on obesity and insulin resistance. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are metabolically different and have differences in their gene expression profile. Our study evaluated the expression of adiponectin, FOXO1, PPARγ, and SIRT1 in VAT and SAT of non...

Eosinophils in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have been implicated in metabolic homeostasis and the maintenance of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). The absence of eosinophils can lead to adiposity and systemic insulin resistance in experimental animals, but what maintains eosinophils in adipose tissue is unknown. We show that interleukin-5 (IL-5) deficiency profoundly impairs VAT eosi...