Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the major complaint in approximately one-third of gynecological visits in premenopausal women, and in >70% of appointments of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Uterine myoma is one of the main causes of AUB during menacme, especially when it is submucosal. The association of myoma and AUB may be related to several factors, from local alterations of angi...

Systemic mastocytosis is an uncommon disorder of mast cell proliferation in connective tissues. Mast cell degranulation may occur on exposure to various stimuli and drugs. The release of histamine, heparin and vasoactive substances such as prostaglandin D2 may cause severe hypotension and other anaphylactoid manifestations. Anaesthetic management should include perioperative stabilization of ma...

Numerous uremic patients on hemodialysis have pulmonary hypertension attributable to the presence of arteriovenous fistulas, vascular calcification, and endothelial dysfunction due to alterations in the balance between vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory substances. For these reasons, the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin, a drug widely used in patients on dialysis, on the pulmonary cir...

Islet cells tumours are a range of rare neoplasms of neuroendocrine origin arising in or close to the pancreas. The normal islet cells of Langerhans in the pancreas contain B-cells (which secrete insulin), A-cells (which secrete glucagon), D-cells (which secrete somatostatin), Dl-cells (which secrete pancreatic polypeptide, PP) and D2-cells (which secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide). The maj...

Anaesthesia was required in an 18-month-old Dorper ewe scheduled for surgical repair of an abdominal hernia. Anaesthesia was induced with diazepam (0.15 mg/kg) and ketamine (6 mg/kg), and maintained with halothane in oxygen on a circle anaesthetic machine. Hypotension, hypoxaemia, cyanosis and pulmonary oedema were observed from the start of surgery, but the symptoms improved towards the comple...

Non-traumatic stereotyped postictal purpura is rare. A 25-year-old woman presented with right facial, cheek and periorbital purpuric eruptions that occurred after secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The stereotyped, invariably right-sided facial skin eruption, which resolved in 48 hours, falsely raised concerns of spousal abuse. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms include: (a) val...

The other is a humoral hypothesis, which proposes a immune-mediated, inflammatory response, with release of vasoactive substances capable of producing endothelial damage and alterations of permeability.[4] In this case, it is unlikely to have been due to a demyelinating process, as the MRI Brain and the CSF examination was normal. This case had focal neurological deficits of hemiparesis and cer...

Apoptosis is an active form of cell death that is intricately regulated and distinct from necrosis. Data suggest that apoptosis may play a role in the pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerotic disease. Anatomic evidence of apoptosis has been observed in coronary atherosclerosis, restenosis, and transplant arteriopathy, accompanied by an increase in biochemical and genetic markers of apoptosis...

A patient had liver cirrhosis associated with marked hypoxemia. With administration of indomethacin (75 mg/day for six days), PaO2 was elevated up to 50 mm Hg from 44 mm Hg. At that time, dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging revealed a plateau time course curve of MAA uptake in the lungs, as compared with findings obtained during the state of severe hypoxemia without indomethacin. These observat...

Since its identification in 1988,1 endothelin has attracted intensive interdisciplinary research interest because of its unique profile as an endothelium-derived vasoactive factor with a powerful and characteristically long-lasting vasopressor activity. Indeed, in terms of cellular mechanisms of action, endothelin appears to be quite similar to many classic vasoconstrictor substances such as an...