Global total water vapour columns have been derived from measurements of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) on MetOp. For this purpose, the Air Mass Corrected Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (AMC-DOAS) method has been adapted, having previously been applied successfully to GOME (on ERS-2) and SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartog...

Econometrics has a long history as the technique of choice for testing the merits of alternative hypotheses across most of the social sciences as well as many of the natural and materials sciences, not to mention pharmaceutical science, where it is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of alternative medications, including the use of placebos as counterfactuals. However its greatest value is in ...

Liquid/vapour interfaces govern the behaviour of a wide range of systems but remain poorly understood, leaving ample margin for the exploitation of intriguing functionalities for applications. Here, we systematically investigate the role of liquid/vapour interfaces in the transport of water across apposing liquid menisci in osmosis membranes comprising short hydrophobic nanopores that separate ...

vapor-liquid equilibrium in nh3-co2-h2o system at high pressures has been studied. the uniquac-nrf model for this system was extended by using the goppert 4 maurer reported datas. since the system contains molecules and ionic species the binary interaction parameters considered, where those are of molecule-molecule, molecule-ion and ion-ion types. these interaction parameters are taken as const...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify meteorological factors that could be associated with an increased risk of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD) in two Swiss regions. DESIGN Retrospective epidemiological study using discriminant analysis and multivariable Poisson regression. SETTING We analysed legionellosis cases notified between January 2003 and December 2007 and w...

A new molecular simulation method for the calculation of vapour-liquid equilibria of mixtures is presented. In this method, the independent thermodynamic variables are temperature and liquid composition. In the first step, one isobaric isothermal simulation for the liquid phase is performed, in which the chemical potentials of all components and their derivatives with respect to the pressure, i...

The methods for improving second law efficiency have been considered in this paper by using liquid vapour heat exchanger is investigated in this paper. Detailed energy and exergy analysis of multi-evaporators at different temperatures with single compressor and single expansion valve using liquid vapour heat exchanger vapour compression refrigeration systems have been done in terms of performan...

The morphology and biaxial texture of vacuum evaporated CaF(2) films on amorphous substrates as a function of vapour incident angle, substrate temperature and film thickness were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray pole figure and reflection high energy electron diffraction surface pole figure analyses. Results show that an anomalous [220] out-of-plane texture was preferred in C...

OBJECTIVES There are no recognized analytical methods for measuring oil mist and vapours arising from drilling fluids used in offshore petroleum drilling industry. To inform the future development of improved methods of analysis for oil mist and vapours this study assessed the inter- and intra-laboratory variability in oil mist and vapour analysis. In addition, sample losses during transportati...

Manganese is a standard alloy element in many wrought steels, offering improved strength and hardenability and, Hadfield also unique combination of strength, ductility work hardening behaviour. In sintered steels Mn has been used rarely so far because two reasons: one the high oxygen affinity which promotes pickup during heat treatment inhibits removal part through ‘internal getter’ effect. The...