A new technique is proposed to estimate the robust continuous observation densities of hidden Markov model (HMM) for improving the performance of speaker-independent (SI) automatic speech recognition system. First, a scheme of generalized common vector (GCV), which originated from the common vector approach (CVA), is proposed. The objective of this scheme is to extract a robust speech feature o...

It has been noticed by several authors that there is a small but non-zero probability that the GCV estimate 2 of the smoothing parameter in spline and related smoothing problems will he extremely small, leading to gross undersmoothing. We obtain an upper bound to the probability that the GCV function, whose minimizer provides ,~, has a (possibly local) minimum at 0. This upper bound goes to 0 e...

images of VPM-PET (left), Ktrans from ETM (middle), and EFPM (right). Choroid Plexus (thick arrow) and pituitary gland (arrow heads) are clearly depicted. The GCV shows high Ktrans on the maps of ETM, rendered with red color, but not EFPM. Note that GCV and other large vessels were not found on the PET image render blue representing lowest intensity. Figure 2. Axial (1st row) and sagittal (2nd ...

Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) viral-directed enzyme prodrug gene therapy causes potent, tumor-selective cytotoxicity in animal models in which HSV-tk gene transduction is limited to a minority of tumor cells. The passage of toxic molecules from HSV-tk+ cells to neighboring HSV-tk- cells during GCV therapy is one mechanism that may account for this "bystander" ...

Most ganciclovir (GCV)-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolates contain UL97 gene mutations at codon 460 or 520 or between codons 590 and 607, where an increasing variety of mutations have been detected, including deletions. To determine their phenotypic effect, 9 UL97 mutations not previously studied were transferred to drug-sensitive laboratory CMV strains that contained unique restriction si...

This article considers testing the hypothesis of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) versus general smoothing spline models for data from exponential families. The tests developed are based on the connection between smoothing spline models and Bayesian models (Gu (1992)). They are extensions of the locally most powerful (LMP) test of Cox, Koh, Wahba and Yandell (1988), the generalized maximum likel...

Spline smoothing provides a powerful tool for estimating nonparametric functions. Most of the past work is based on the assumption that the random errors are independent. Observations are often correlated in applications; e.g., time series data, spatial data and clustered data. It is well known that correlation greatly a ects the selection of smoothing parameters, which are critical to the perf...

Speckle noise usually occurs in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images due to coherent radiation. Speckle reduction is a mandatory step prior to the processing of SAR images. Here a novel de-speckling scheme is presented which is in line with the wavelet transform based schemes with several modifications due to the implementation of directionlet transform. As in any transform based de-speckling ...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after renal transplantation is a problem of increasing concern resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Widespread use of ganciclovir (GCV) and valganciclovir (VGCV) may cause an increase of CMV resistance to these first line drugs. Other treatment options are sparse and often complicated by adverse events, namely nephrotoxicity associated with foscarnet...

In Central Lombok Regency, the hotel tax is one of highest incomes contributing to Regional Original Revenue. A a on services provided by hotel. This research aims estimate nonparametric kernel regression curve revenue data in Lombok. The method used analysis with seven functions. results Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) criteria, optimal bandwidth values ​​generated functions have varying va...