Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is defined as change in the vaginal ecology characterized by replacement of lactobacilli by a variety of bacterial flora including anaerobes. The condition is diagnosed using Amsel Criteria. Ten to fifteen percent of cases do not improve on antibiotics, which encouraged the use of probiotics. Aim: To compare between the efficiency of probiotic vaginal tampons a...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether or not the Chlamydia Rapid Test (CRT) could improve detection of genital chlamydia, and whether it is more effective than current practice using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), in terms of the number of cases of chlamydia that are detected and treated and the proportion of partners identified and treated. DATA SOURCES Eleven electronic bibliographic datab...

OBJECTIVES To describe the management of vaginal discharge in general practice, with particular regard to the use of the high vaginal swab (HVS), and to compare GPs' expectations of this test with the processing and reporting undertaken by different laboratories. METHODS A postal questionnaire survey of 2146 GPs in the North Thames area and postal questionnaire study of the 22 laboratories se...

OBJECTIVE To compare strategies for management of women with vaginal discharge in genitourinary medicine (GUM) and family planning (FP) settings. METHODS The setting was a centre housing both FP and GUM departments within a primary care trust in Scotland. The study participants were 200 women presenting with vaginal discharge. A randomised, controlled, crossover design was employed. Strategie...

Objective: To evaluate the association between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Methods: A case-control methodology was used. Swab eluates were processed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16S based assay. An endocervical swab was taken and tested for the pr...

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer, nearly all cases of which are caused by one of several high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (hr-HPV), leads to significant morbidity and mortality in individuals with a cervix. Trans masculine (TM) individuals were born with female reproductive organs and identify as male, man, transgender man, or another diverse gender identity different from their female a...

Objective: To compare the Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test for detection and identification of Candida species, Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis to clinical and microscopic criteria commonly used to diagnose vaginitis. Methods: Women that were symptomatic for vaginitis/vaginosis and asymptomatic women being seen for routine obstetric or gynecological care were included ...

Male reproductive behavior in the Syrian hamster is dependent on both pheromones from the female and the presence of gonadal steroid hormones. The pheromones are contained within female hamster vaginal secretions (FHVS) and stimulate anogenital investigation and mounting by the male. Administration of testosterone to castrated male hamsters facilitates anogenital investigation, mounts, and intr...

Case Report Our patient, the second of a set of twins, was a Chinese baby girl delivered small for gestational age at 28+3 weeks via emergency caesarian section with a birth weight of 730 g. The pregnancy was complicated by twin-twin transfusion with discrepant growth and maternal hyperthyroidism. A previous sibling had no history of GBS infection but the mother was not screened for GBS via vag...