The general thermodynamic analysis of the quantum vacuum, which is based on our knowledge of the vacua in condensed-matter systems, is consistent with the Einstein earlier view on the cosmological constant. In the equilibrium Universes the value of the cosmological constant is regulated by matter. In the empty Universe, the vacuum energy is exactly zero, λ = 0. The huge contribution of the zero...

The general thermodynamic analysis of the quantum vacuum, which is based on our knowledge of the vacua in condensed-matter systems, is consistent with the Einstein earlier view on the cosmological constant. In the equilibrium Universes the value of the cosmological constant is regulated by matter. In the empty Universe, the vacuum energy is exactly zero, λ = 0. The huge contribution of the zero...

The problem of cosmological constant and vacuum energy is usually thought of as the subject of general relativity. However, the vacuum energy is important for the Universe even in the absence of gravity , i.e. in the case when the Newton constant G is exactly zero, G = 0. We discuss the response of the vacuum energy to the perturbations of the quantum vacuum in special relativity, and find that...

The mechanical design for both the insulating vacuum system and the cavity vacuum system of the APT ED&D Cryomodule is summarized. The pre-cooldown pressure limits for the insulating vacuum and the cavity vacuum are 10 -5 Torr and 10 -6 Torr, respectively. In addition, the cold cavity operating pressure limits are 10 -6 Torr for the insulating system and 10 -8 Torr for the cavity system. The de...