In the female, Müllerian ducts will develop to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. This abnormal development can lead to uterine malformations resulting from aplasia of a part of Müllerian duct. Morphological abnormalities can vary from insufficient fission of tissues causing bicornuate uterus, double uterus or preserved ute...

INTRODUCTION Congenital abnormalities of the inner ear is the most common cause of neurosensory hearing loss. Michel inner ear deformity is a rare developmental anomaly refers to the total aplasia of the inner ear. It is caused by developmental arrest of otic placode early during the third week of gestational age. CASE REPORT We have discussed here that three year old girl diagnosed Michel ap...

Pure red cell aplasia is an uncommon complication of diphenylhydantoin therapy. It has not been reported in Indian literature. Awareness of the entity helps in establishing the cause of anaemia in these patients and alerts the physicians to the need of comprehensive haematological monitoring in these patients. A case of 58-year-old male who developed pure red cell aplasia following three months...

Urethral mucosa with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia is a rare occurrence. To date only a single case has been reported in a male with long-standing urethral stricture. We present a 33-year-old female with polypoid intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the external urethral meatus in the absence of an inciting factor. Intestinal metaplasia of the urethral mucosa may undergo dysplasia, emph...

Urinary obstruction is one of the causes for the morbidity and mortality, if not treated in early stages in small ruminants. Goats are more susceptible for incidence of urethral caliculi as these species having urethral process where the urethral diameter is narrowed and leads to urinary obstruction. If the condition initially not identified later bladder will rupture and leads uroabdomen. The ...

OBJECTIVES During unilateral selective cerebral perfusion (uSCP), with right axillary artery or brachiocephalic trunk cannulation, the brain receives blood only via the right common carotid artery and right vertebral artery (VA). The left hemisphere is perfused mainly through the circle of Willis (CW). However, at least 50% of individuals have some variation in the CW. The aim of the present wo...

Primary urethral calculus is rarely seen and is usually encountered in men with urethral stricture or diverticulum. We present a case of giant urethral calculus secondary to a urethral stricture in a man. The patient was treated with calculus extraction with end to end urethroplasty.

Background: Initial management of urethral injury remains controversial concerning the use of suprapubic urinary diversion and delayed repair, primary open realignment, and primary endoscopic realignment. To our knowledge, we present the first reported case of a penetrating urethral injury because of an animal attack, without concomitant extragenitourinary system involvement, managed entirely e...

Male urethral stricture is one of the oldest known urologic diseases, and continues to be a common and challenging urologic condition. Our objective was to review all contemporary and historial articles on the topic of dilation, internal urethrotomy, and stenting of male anterior urethral strictures. An extensive review of the scientific literature concerning anterior urethral urethrotomy/dilat...