OBJECTIVES To describe oral health behaviour, illness behaviour, oral health knowledge and attitudes among 35-44 and 65-74-year-old Chinese; to analyse the oral health behaviour profile of the two age groups in relation to province and urbanisation, and to assess the relative effect of socio-behavioural risk factors on dental caries experience. METHODS A total number of 4,398 35-44-year-olds ...

As China encourages urbanisation, a necessary process is the urbanisation of its people, granting local-urban hukou, or local citizenship, to migrant populations. But reforms encouraging are dependent on populations wanting become formal, registered urban residents. What demand for hukou? Based unique probabilistically-sampled contingent valuation survey over 900 migrants in Beijing and Changsh...

There is little information about highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Africa, where health infrastructure is inadequate and human–animal contact is common. and [2] The global status of HPAI H5N1 in human beings was recently reported, but region and continent-specific information remains deficient. Here we describe how urbanisation and altered farming have increased the risk o...

Urbanisation, efficiency improvement in agriculture, and the transition to a post-industrial economy in Europe and North America has taken large areas of land out of human use that could be returned to a ‘natural’ state. But what exactly is natural, and how much or how little ecosystem engineering should be involved in rewilding efforts? Michael Gross reports.

In this paper the author describes about 'Kazhakam' a traditional institution of Malabar which under the spell of urbanisation and social change is vanishing away from the various regions. Nevertheless, the author says it is still a living social institution with deep roots in traditional system.

Coastal zones are exposed to a range of coastal hazards including sea-level rise with its related effects. At the same time, they are more densely populated than the hinterland and exhibit higher rates of population growth and urbanisation. As this trend is expected to continue into the future, we investigate how coastal populations will be affected by such impacts at global and regional scales...

BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are now the leading cause of death and disability worldwide; this epidemic has been linked to rapid economic growth and urbanisation in developing countries. Understanding how characteristics of the physical, social, and economic environment affect behaviour in the light of these changes is key to identifying successful interventions to mitigate chronic disease risk....

The character of the food system and the nature of food policy are both changing, as urbanisation, technical change and the industrialisation of the food system transform the way food is produced, marketed and consumed in developing countries. The challenges are daunting and immediate – and need to be on the agenda of policy-makers throughout the developing world. Policy-makers are used to thin...

1. Increasing urbanisation is often cited as a cause of declining biodiversity, but for bumblebees there is evidence that urban populations of some species such as Bombus terrestris L. may be more dense than those found in agricultural landscapes, perhaps because gardens provide plentiful floral resources and nesting opportunities. 2. Here we examine the influence of urbanisation on the prevale...