In this paper we describe new software “CitySim” that has been conceived to support the more sustainable planning of urban settlements. This first version focuses on simulating buildings’ energy flows, but work is also under way to model energy embodied in materials as well as the flows of water and waste and inter-relationships between these flows; likewise their dependence on the urban climat...

Climate change is likely to exert escalating stresses on urban environments over the coming decades (Garnaut, 2008; IPCC, 2007; Stern, 2006). Urban settlements in Australia will be subject to significant vulnerability (Hennessy et al, 2007). This will prompt responses from institutional governance frameworks in Australian cities and metropolitan areas. Efforts to manage climate change effects i...

extended abstract 1. introduction after industrial revolution, complex economic and technical developments led to wide changes in the size of cities, the proportion of the population in urban areas, and the growth rate of urbanization (johnson, 1998). more than half of the world population currently lives in urban areas and the uncontrolled expansion of cities is becoming a global concern. it i...

admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of history. urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. in most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. during a student’s later ...

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy in urban and rural settlements in Southwestern Nigeria. DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study of women within reproductive age. SETTING Community-based study of unwanted pregnancy was conducted in 2012. PARTICIPANTS They were women of reproductive age who had experienced unintended and/or unwanted pregnancies and they were rando...

Arid regions are an important part of the world as they cover more than 40% of the land surface and they can provide sufficient opportunities for extensive development. However, urban development of these regions is facing a set of problems. This is besides the development barriers due to the arid regions climate associated with a set of economical, social, administrative, and physical problems...

On-site sanitation is the main form of excreta disposal in most sub-Saharan African cities and will remain the most appropriate level of service for the urban poor in the medium term. Despite heavy public investment in sewerage systems in most primary and some secondary cities, typically only 10-15% of the urban population benefit from access to the sewer network. About 80% of the urban populat...

A city and its transportation network are both complicated systems. Fractal geometry provides an effective way to describe the complex property of geographical features. This paper uses a modified box-counting method to describe the fractal property of urban transportation networks. Assuming that human settlements of different sizes are all operated by the same growth procedure, this paper inve...

More than half of the world’s population and the majority of its capital assets are found in urban settlements. Maintaining these centres relies upon chains of consumption that pull in water, food and energy, and export waste. Urban influence is felt far beyond administrative boundaries through migration and the impact of urban demands on rural markets and livelihoods – opening opportunities bu...