This special issue demonstrates how practical solutions to the development of sustainable cities can be achieved through studying urban metabolism, urban ecology, city carbon and water footprints, the dynamics of city growth, and the interdependency between social actors, institutions, and biophysical system flows. than half the world’s people and about 80% of those in developed nations live in...

Motivation: Planting urban trees is important for development. Foliage reflects, scatters, and absorbs incoming shortwave solar radiation, thus reducing the energy flow to underlying surface, including streets, houses, humans. Shaded areas, with primarily anthropogenic substrates, are not as heated nonshaded areas. Subsequently, temperature, radiation its influence on morbidity of fauna flora c...

As computer graphics simulations of our natural world continue to improve, effectively depicting our human environment is becoming increasingly important. Our everyday world consists not simply of basic materials and objects, but also of the things we make from them. Our cities are simultaneously the most complex and the most common of these things. To automate city modeling, researchers are be...

fast and unplanned city growth, has effects such as isolation of village societies, threatening urbancores and centers and small and weak societies, destruction of open spaces and open and natural regions. smart growthoffers a sustainable way for urban developing with appropriate use of available sources, increase of urban services,developing neighborhoods with different uses, making public tra...

The Urban spatial structure is affected by spatial interactions among various activity locations, and land uses in the city over the transportation system. Each city has its unique circulation pattern of passengers and freight due to its unique geographic conditions and the distribution of locations of economic activities. In that sense, it is claimed in this chapter per the authors that urban ...

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