More than 2000 measurements of atmospheric and dissolved methane (CH4) were performed in the central and northwestern Arabian Sea as part of the German JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study during three cruises in March, May/June, and June/July 1997. Mean CH4 saturations in the surface waters of the central Arabian Sea were in the range of 103-107%. Significantly enhanced saturations were observed in...

[1] Sea surface temperature (SST) fronts are determined for the 2001–2004 time period from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) data in the California Current System (CCS). The probability of detecting a SST front at an individual pixel location in the CCS is presented as a bi-monthly climatology. Fronts clearly indicate the seasonal evolution of coastal upwelling, as well ...

[1] As part of an experiment to study wind-driven coastal circulation, 17 hydrographic surveys of the middle to inner shelf region off the coast of Newport, OR (44.65 N, from roughly the 90 m isobath to the 10 m isobath) were performed during Summer 1999 with a small, towed, undulating vehicle. The cross-shelf survey data were combined with data from several other surveys at the same latitude t...

[1] The tropical oceans are a source of reactive bromine to the atmosphere in the form of short-lived brominated methanes as bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2). Elevated atmospheric concentrations above the tropical oceans are related to oceanic supersaturations of the compounds and especially to upwelling regimes. Although the sources of these brominated gases in the open ocean are ...

The present study analyses the distribution of cephalopod paralarvae off the Portuguese coast. The effects of temporal and physical variables on Loligo vulgaris, Octopus vulgaris, sepiolid and ommastrephid abundances are analysed with generalized linear models. Their distribution patterns are discussed in relation to mesoscale features, including currents, thermal fronts and coastal upwelling c...

[1] Atmospheric deposition is an important source of nutrients to the coastal and open ocean; however, its role in highly productive upwelling regions like coastal California has not been determined. Approximately 0.1%–0.2% of new production is attributable to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) annually, but if the estimate is expanded to encompass the effects of iron (Fe), aerosols may sup...

The Vibrionaceae (Vibrio) are a ubiquitous group of metabolically flexible marine bacteria that play important roles in biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. Despite this versatility, little is known about Vibrio diversity and abundances in upwelling regions. The seasonal dynamics of Vibrio populations was examined by analysis of 16S rRNA genes in Monterey Bay (MB), California from April 2006-Ap...

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to determine 12 zones of upand downwelling in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. On the basis of a seven-year numerical simulation, the annual frequency of upand downwelling events in various regions was analysed, their vertical velocity evaluated and the probability of their occurrence for different wind directions calculated. Verification of t...

The southern Namaqua shelf of the Benguela upwelling system, downstream of the Cape Columbine upwelling cell, is frequently subjected to a variety of harmful algal bloom (HAB) phenomena. Here, winds dictate most physical processes that are important to the development of HABs. Toxic algal cell concentrations and distributions, in relation to their respective toxin content, are compared over 2 a...

Estimates of the upwelling of bottom and deep water have recently been used to deduce the magnitude of area-averaged mixing activity and the required dissipation of kinetic energy that is input by winds and tides. Here we raise questions about this link between upwelling and the dissipation of energy. Several processes are discussed, each of which lead to the upwelling of water across neutral d...