We present a cost-benefit framework to analyze the interaction between hydropower and salmon in a dynamic context. The framework is used to derive cost-benefit rules for projects that affect wild salmon survival. Our approach is illustrated with data from an ongoing project regarding a potential salmon passage-hydropower conflict in the northern Swedish river Umeälven and its largest salmon pro...

In this paper we study international river pollution problems. We introduce a model in which the agents (countries) located along a river derive benefit while causing pollution, but also incur environmental costs of experiencing pollution from all upstream agents. We find that total pollution in the model decreases when the agents decide to cooperate. The resulting gain in social welfare can be...

Online retailing is dominated by a channel structure in which a retailer either buys products from competing manufacturers and resells to consumers (wholesale scheme) or lets manufacturers directly sell to consumers on its platform for a commission (platform scheme). Easy access to publicly available third-party information such as product reviews which facilitate consumers' purchase decisions ...

The steep increase in Greenland’s glacial earthquake activity detected by the Global Seismographic Network since the late 1990s suggests that a close inspection of these events might provide clues to the nature and origin of such seismic activity. Here we discuss the detection of large, unexpected seismic events of extraordinarily long duration (10–40min) occurring about once every 2 days, and ...

Surya Prakash Bhatt, Anoop Misra* and Naval K. Vikram Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi 110 048, India Diabetic Foundation (India) and National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi 110 016, India Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders and Department of Medicine, All India Institu...

This work aimed to investigate the interparticle electron transfer (IPET) process within the coupled-photocatalyst systems on the basis of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). TiO(2), ZnO and SnO(2) are used as the model photocatalysts owing to their increasing energy levels which correspond to the IPET concept. In the single-photocatalyst tests, ZnO tests are associated with the highest d...

This study investigated the effects of preozonation on disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during chlorination and chloramination of the water collected from Tai Lake. Results showed that the high ozone dose (0.6-1.0 mg O₃/mg DOC) pretreatment reduced the yields of trihaloacetic acids (reduced 62-63% in chlorination), dihaloacetonitriles (reduced 53-55% and 14-26% in chlorination and chlo...

The bedside detection of awareness in disorders of consciousness (DOC) caused by acquired brain injury is not an easy task. For this reason, differential diagnosis using neuroimaging and electrophysiological tools in search for objective markers of consciousness is being employed. However, such tools cannot be considered as diagnostic per se, but as assistants to the clinical evaluation, which,...