2.1 Examples of conservative schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.1 The Godunov Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.2 The Lax-Friedrichs Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.3 The local Lax-Friedrichs Scheme . . . . . . . ....

Baxters's Q-operators for the simplest q-deformed model. Abstract In the present paper we describe the procedure of the Q-operators construction for the q-deformed model, described by the Lax operator, which is important to formulate the Bethe ansatz for the Sin-Gordon model. This Lax operator can also be considered as some massless limit of the Lax operator of SG model. We constructed two R op...

The tense and lax vowels of German were compared, based on an analysis of the duration, amplitude and velocity characteristics of lip and tongue movement. This study examined firstly whether they show different patterns of compression over changes in speech rate, and secondly whether velocity profiles would reveal evidence of different underlying control mechanisms. CVC movements were segmented...

Security properties are profitably expressed using notions of contextual equivalence, and logical relations are a powerful proof technique to establish contextual equivalence in typed lambda calculi, see e.g. Sumii and Pierce’s logical relation for a cryptographic lambda-calculus. We clarify Sumii and Pierce’s approach, showing that the right tool is prelogical relations, or lax logical relatio...

In this paper we investigate the performance of the weighted essential non-oscillatory (WENO) methods based on different numerical fluxes, with the objective of obtaining better performance for the shallow water equations by choosing suitable numerical fluxes. We consider six numerical fluxes, i.e., Lax-Friedrichs, local Lax-Friedrichs, Engquist-Osher, Harten-Lax-van Leer, HLLC and the first-or...

In this paper, we study the possible second order Lax operators for all the possible (1+1)-dimensional models with Schwarz variants and some special types of high dimensional models. It is shown that for every (1+1)-dimensional model and some special types of high dimensional models which possess Schwarz variants may have a second order Lax pair. The explicit Lax pairs for (1+1)-dimensional Kor...

In this paper we further investigate some applications of Nambu mechanics in hydrodynamical systems. Using the Euler equations for a rotating rigid body Névir and Blender [J. Phys. A 26 (1993), L1189–L1193] had demonstrated the connection between Nambu mechanics and noncanonical Hamiltonian mechanics. Nambu mechanics is extended to incompressible ideal hydrodynamical fields using energy and hel...

In this article, we prove that we can introduce a small ~ parameter in the six Painlevé equations through their corresponding Lax pairs and Hamiltonian formulations. Moreover, we prove that these ~-deformed Lax pairs satisfy the Topological Type property proposed by Bergère, Borot and Eynard for any generic choice of the monodromy parameters. Consequently we show that one can reconstruct the fo...

We have introduced, in a previous paper, the fundamental lax 2-category of a ‘directed space’ X. Here we show that, when X has a T1-topology, this structure can be embedded into a larger one, with the same objects (the points of X), the same arrows (the directed paths) and the same cells (based on directed homotopies of paths), but a larger system of comparison cells. The new comparison cells a...

In this paper, we examine the intersection between two important aspects of climate policy design. The first is the point of regulation. Should it be placed on pollution sources, carbon-rich inputs, or consumers? This issue of upstream versus downstream regulation is one that we will refer to as vertical targeting. The second aspect concerns the external effects of a local climate policy. Leaka...