Secondarily phosphatised olenid trilobites from organic−rich limestones (orsten) in the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of Västergötland, south−central Sweden, are described and illustrated. All trilobites originate from the Peltura scara− baeoides Zone and were collected on the western slope of Kinnekulle. Only the dorsal exoskeletons have become second− arily phosphatised, and the ventral appendag...

The rapid appearance of bilaterian clades at the beginning of the Phanerozoic is one of the most intriguing topics in macroevolution. However, the complex feedbacks between diversification and ecological interactions are still poorly understood. Here, we show that a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the trace-fossil record of the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition indicates that body-plan div...

This paper deals with the study of beryl, its variety, petrographic, and gemological specifications in Bahr-e-Abad area Jalalabad city. Beryl is a relatively rare silicate mineral, cyclo-silicate, chemical composition Be3Al2 (Si6O18) hexagonal crystal shape. It found igneous metamorphic rocks many parts world. In order to achieve aim this paper, three methods, namely; library work, fieldwork, l...

N o paleontological subject comes close to stimulating the public's interest like dinosaurs, but the origin of animals is probably a solid second. As is well known, representatives of nearly all of the animal phyla (e.g., arthropods, molluscs, echino-derms) appear at roughly the same moment in geologic time, the beginning of the Cambrian period, about 550 million years ago. Their sudden appeara...

A seismogeological model of the junction zone Nepa-Botuoba anteclise and Ygyattinskaya depression was built based on results a comprehensive interpretation deep drilling seismic data. The position propagation regional high-rank faults have been specified, tectonic study area has constructed. All were divided into three classes: those that cut entire sedimentary cover; developed in lower part se...