Bridges and routers are used to interconnect Local Area Networks (LANs). The performance of these devices is important since they can become bottlenecks in large multi-segment networks. Performance metrics and a test methodology for bridges and routers have not been standardized. Performance data reported by vendors is not applicable to the actual scenarios encountered in an operational network...

Corrugated Soil-Steel bridges have been used as drainage structures and underpasses in the ongoing Southern Highway project. Because the Soil-Steel bridges are novel to Sri Lankan context and the catastrophic bridge failure at Poddala, 2009 led to a controversy about the suitability and the stability of SoilSteel bridges. The structure safety against crushing failure of the corrugated steel arc...

The survival rate of 1674 bridges and the influence of several factors on the lifetime of bridges were analysed, based on data from patient records that belonged to a random sample of 40 Dutch general practices. It appears that the 12 year survival rate of the bridges is 87%. There is a significant difference in the survival rate between the bridges that meet and do not meet Ante's law, and onl...

Over the past 30 years, there has been an increasing need to replace the current stock of bridges in Malaysia, since modern bridge systems have a lower life cost. In particular, the huge maintenance cost incurred for the expansion joints and bearings of conventional bridges has been a major concern for local state councils and authorities. The government has also acknowledged the exceptional ri...

Salt bridges are known to play an essential role in the thermodynamic stability of the folded conformation of many proteins, but their influence on the kinetics of folding remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of Glu-Arg salt bridges on the kinetics of α-helix folding using temperature-jump transient-infrared spectroscopy and steady-state UV circular dichroism. We find that g...

Fine interconnections or "cross-bridges" have been observed between cytoplasmic microtubules in many different organisms (1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13) . Recently, similar bridges have been noted between the microtubules of the spindle apparatus in dividing plant and animal cells (4, 6, 7, 11, 14) . Increasing attention is being directed toward intertubule bridges, since they may play an important ro...

In Escherichia coli, peptide cross bridges in the murein undergo turnover after they are synthesized. Peptide cross bridges formed in the presence of [3H]diaminopimelic acid were found to lose 3H label from their donor peptides after the [3H]diaminopimelic acid was removed from the growth medium. There was a corresponding increase in the amount of 3H label in acceptor peptides so that the total...

Tor is one of the most popular censorship circumven-tion systems; it uses bridges run by volunteers as proxies toevade censorship. A key challenge to the Tor circumventionsystem is to distribute bridges to a large number of userswhile avoiding having the bridges fall into the hands ofcorrupt users. We propose rBridge—a user reputation sys-tem for bridge distribution; it ...