Taking tests enhances learning. But what happens when one cannot answer a test question-does an unsuccessful retrieval attempt impede future learning or enhance it? The authors examined this question using materials that ensured that retrieval attempts would be unsuccessful. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were asked fictional general-knowledge questions (e.g., "What peace treaty ended the...

over the recent years, the study of language learning strategies has received much attention worldwide in general, and in iran in particular. many scholars have tried to investigate the function of language learning strategies in efl learning and teaching. not enough attention, however, has been paid to language skills, especially speaking skill, in iran. therefore, the present study aimed at s...

Background: Assisted reproductive techniques have increased the chances of pregnancy for couples looking for a way to treat their infertility. To increase the effectiveness of these methods, studies are needed to identify the determinants of a successful pregnancy with these techniques. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional retrospective study that was performed on 253 couples who we...

Background: Infertility not only as a disease but also as a serious problem affects the family and harms its health. Approximately 50 to 80 million people in the world suffer from infertility. Laparoscopy is a golden standard which helps diagnose peritoneal and the fallopian tubal problems and treat them. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 162 infertile women referring to the...

To test the hypothesis that a defibrillation shock is unsuccessful because it fails to annihilate activation fronts within a critical mass of myocardium, we recorded epicardial and transmural activation in 11 open-chest dogs during electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). Shocks of 1-30 J were delivered through defibrillation electrodes on the left ventricular apex and right atrium. ...

background and objectives: losing 5-10% of initial body weight can reduce the risks of obesity in obese people. identification of the personality of individuals is effective in motivating and designing weight management interventions. the present study was done to compare the personality traits of successful and unsuccessful women in terms of weight loss. methods: this case-control study was do...

1. DeMaria AN. Editors page: international cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1580–1. 2. Cheng TO. The current state of cardiology in China. Int J Cardiol 2004;96:425–39. 3. Cheng TO. Metabolic syndrome in China. Circulation 2004;109:e180. 4. Cheng TO. The metabolic syndrome, formerly called metabolic ‘syndrome X.’ Am J Cardiol 2004;94:148–9. 5. Cheng TO. Obesity is the newest health risk in...

BACKGROUND This study explores the long-term experience of involuntary childlessness among 14 Swedish women 20 years after their infertility treatment. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted. RESULTS The childlessness had had a strong impact on all the women's lives and was for all a major life theme. The effects were experienced both on a personal level and on interpersonal and social ...

Self-enucleation is a very unusual form of self-mutilation directly linked to mental illness. In this case we present a 26-year-old schizophrenic patient who attempted to enucleate his eye with a rollerball pen. Antipsychotic therapy and emergency surgery saved the patient eye and emphasize the importance of quick response and good collaboration between psychiatric and ophthalmic teams.