Most migrating birds accumulate lipid stores as their primary source of energy for fueling long distance flights. Lipid stores of birds during migration are composed of mostly unsaturated fatty acids; whether such a fatty acid composition enhances exercise performance of birds is unknown. We tested this hypothesis by measuring metabolic rate at rest and during intense exercise in two groups of ...

Low HDL cholesterol is a frequent cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes. Because of its pivotal role for the regulation of HDL plasma levels, we investigated in vivo and in vitro regulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) by insulin and metabolites accumulating in diabetes. Compared with euglycemic control mice, ABCA1 gene expression was severely decreased in the liver and p...

Several cis-unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids added directly to intact human platelets greatly enhance protein kinase C activation as judged by the phosphorylation of its specific endogenous substrate, a 47-kDa protein. This enhancement absolutely requires the presence of a membrane-permeant diacylglycerol, 1,2-dioctanoylglyc...

A computational study of the aqueous pK(a) of some saturated and unsaturated cyclic and linear esters and ketones was carried out at the DFT-B3LYP 6-31++G(2df,2pd), CBS-Q, and G2 levels, with the integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model for solvation, using a proton exchange mechanism. The influence of unsaturation, position of the double bond, and cyclization were studied. The c...

The induction of autophagy usually requires the activation of PIK3C3/VPS34 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3) within a multiprotein complex that contains BECN1 (Beclin 1, autophagy related). PIK3C3 catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol into phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). PtdIns3P associates with growing phagophores, which recruit components of the...

In the past it has been reproducibly demonstrated that 37 degrees C-grown DBY747 yeast cells have 29% more unsaturated fatty acids and a 3 degrees C higher maximal heat shock response (HSR) than their 25 degrees C counterparts. Suddenly the HSR and lipid profiles of cells grown at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C became indistinguishable from one another. This paper reports an aberrantly high leve...

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) enhances transcription of genes encoding enzymes of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in liver. SREBP-1c mRNA is known to increase when cells are treated with agonists of liver X receptor (LXR), a nuclear hormone receptor, and to decrease when cells are treated with unsaturated fatty acids, the end products of SREBP-1c action. Here we sh...

The effect of baryon density on parton production processes of gg ⇀↽ ggg and gg ⇀↽ qq̄ is studied using full phase space distribution function and also with inclusion of quantum statistics i.e. Pauli blocking and Bose enhancement factors, in the case of both saturated and unsaturated quark gluon plasma. The rate for the process gg ⇀↽ qq̄ is found to be much less as compared to the most commonly u...

ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) G1 and ABCA1 are membrane cholesterol transporters and have been implicated to mediate cholesterol efflux from cells in the presence of high density lipoproteins and its major protein constituent apolipoprotein A-I, respectively. We previously demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids suppress the stimulatory effects of oxysterols and retinoids on ABCA1 g...