Venous thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is the result of an imbalance among procoagulant, anticoagulant and profibrinolytic processes. This imbalance reflects a complex interplay between genetic and environmental or acquired risk factors. Genetic thrombophilic defects influence the risk of a first episode of thrombosis. How these defects influence the...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), is the third most common cause of cardiovascular mortality in the U.S., after coronary heart disease and stroke. VTE is a systemic disease which may develop spontaneously (idiopathic, unprovoked) or secondary to some identifiable provocative or environmental risk factor. Classifications...

Background: A seizure occurs as result of a sudden and transitory abnormal electrical brain activity, that causes variety changes on behavior, movements level consciousness. After first unprovoked seizure, the risk recurrence in three following years varies from 23 to 71%. The after more than 24 hours defines diagnosis Epilepsy, which has numerous biological, cognitive, psychological social con...

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recently published a clinical guideline on the management of venous thromboembolic disease and thrombophilia testing. Several stand-out recommendations are made which may be practice changing for many physicians, such as catheter-directed thrombolysis for ilio-femoral deep venous thrombosis, routine cancer screening and extended duration...

Oral anticoagulants are a standard of care in patients with thromboembolic events, yet about 20% of patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism have a recurrence of such events within 2 years after the withdrawal of oral anticoagulant therapy. Extending anticoagulation prevents recurrences but is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The benefit of aspirin beyond the recommended du...

Vulvodynia refers to unprovoked pain in the area of the vulva. The pain sensation(s) that someone may encounter could be stinging, burning or irritation. At times it is even described as rawness. Localized vulvodynia known as “vestibulodynia” refers to pain that is provoked by touching the vestibule. This can happen with the first experience of a tampon, speculum or sexual activity. Delayed ons...

INTRODUCTION Intranasal meningoceles occur as a result of herniation of the meninges into the nasal cavity through a defect in the cribriform plate. These are commonly found in the pediatric population due to a congenital defect in the skull base. Intranasal meningoceles are very rare in adults, and tend to arise only when engendered by trauma. Here, we present the case of a patient with seemin...

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent unprovoked seizures, and affects 50 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of these do not have seizure control even with the best available medications, hence renewed and increasing interest in the use of dietary treatments to treat epilepsy. These treatments include the traditional ketogenic diets but also the ...

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent unprovoked seizures, and affects 50 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of these do not have seizure control even with the best available medications, hence renewed and increasing interest in the use of dietary treatments to treat epilepsy. These treatments include the traditional ketogenic diets but also the ...