This paper illustrates the use of the envelope theorem for the geometric design of a cycloidal speed reducer. Specifically, it proposes two designs for a mathematical model with tooth differences: a pin wheel epitrochoid meshing which is a cycloidal wheel (internal rotor) profile equidistant to an epitrochoid (or extended epicycloid) curve and a cycloida! wheel is generated by a pin wheel (exte...

Nanowire lithography (NWL) uses nanowires (NWs), grown and assembled by chemical methods, as etch masks to transfer their one-dimensional morphology to an underlying substrate. Here, we show that SiO2 NWs are a simple and compatible system to implement NWL on crystalline silicon and fabricate a wide range of architectures and devices. Planar field-effect transistors made of a single SOI-NW chan...

Silicon microneedle arrays (MNAs) have been widely studied due to their potential in various transdermal applications. However, discrete MNAs, as a preferred choice to fabricate flexible penetrating devices that could adapt curved and elastic tissue, are rarely reported. Furthermore, the reported discrete MNAs have disadvantages lying in uniformity and height-pitch ratio. Therefore, an improved...

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the types of online auction. Yet many auctions with fixed-end times are experiencing “sniping” or submission of bids in the final minute of an auction. Late bidding deprives rivals of the ability of seeing one’s bid and undercutting it. Late bidding facilitates colludes or independent pricing well above that predicated by auction mechanis...

Abstract We perform Bayesian inference of the parameters a time-dependent model ice flow and calving at Helheim Glacier, East Greenland. find that, while time-independent parameterization can recover mean observed terminus position, such is unable to sub-annual variability, even when forced with seasonally varying climate. To address this, we develop simple stochastic relating surface runoff ra...

abstract the theory of international tax competition suggests that governments attempt to attract mobile capital bases by undercutting the foreign capital tax rate. an analysis of the role that state capacity plays in tax policymaking under international pressures is, however, missing. the central contribution of our study is to highlight the importance of the interaction between state capacity...

One of the most difficult production geometry tasks arising in machining process elements a drive pair is to avoid undercuts. It serious technological challenge determine worm gear drives avoiding phenomenon undercut, especially case consisting curved profile and its mating wheel. The technology forming tooth surface requires separate examination each case, running simulation procedure tool mov...

This article considers the role of African Union (AU) in developing digital policy instruments that apply across continent. The AU has launched a series policies are meant to guide legislation member states past decade. explores extent which such effective shaping law and policymaking countries. It finds set methodological flaws initiatives undermine practical effect handful AU-led instruments....

Contrary to the traditional economic prediction that prices decrease as more firms enter market, this paper finds a non-monotonic relationship between number of and in online book markets. A substantial posted is observed when market moves from monopoly duopoly. Surprisingly, further expands, converge price rather than competitive price. This because sellers increase on internet, cost for consu...