Many neurons receive synapses in stereotypic proportions from converging but functionally distinct afferents. However, developmental mechanisms regulating synaptic convergence are not well understood. Here we describe a heterotypic mechanism by which one afferent controls synaptogenesis of another afferent, but not vice versa. Like other CNS circuits, zebrafish retinal H3 horizontal cells (HC) ...

another in the animal body. The full demonstration of the importance of transmethylation and of its relationship to the metabolism of choline, betaine, creatine, sarcosine, and a number of other methylated substances involved research that extended over a number of years. The discussion forms the subject matter of three of the chapters and requires considerably more than one-half of the book. I...

Ultraviolet light (UV) is a recognized disinfection alternative to chlorine and ozone in many applications from drinking water to wastewater treatment. UV provides effective disinfection without production of problematic disinfection byproducts. Information on the mechanism and application of UV for drinking water disinfection is presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the technique are disc...

Dopant-stabilized defect centers in alumina nanopowders are shown to be well-suited to efficient generation of ultraviolet cathodoluminescence. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Over half of the solar energy consists of near-infrared, and in addition to natural near-infrared, humans are increasingly exposed to artificial near-infrared from electrical appliances. Thus, we are exposed to tremendous amounts of near-infrared. Despite the wide prevalence of a variety of ultraviolet blocking materials, the necessity to protect against near-infrared has not been well recogniz...

The first dataset of a complete year of biologically damaging spectral UV at a sub-tropical latitude in the southern hemisphere has been presented. The new data provides a baseline dataset against which comparisons can be made in the future to establish if there have been any long term trends in the biologically damaging UV. The general shape of the variation of the daily biologically damaging ...

A silicon photodiode coated with an interface-engineered Mo/Si multilayer was developed as a polarization sensitive detector. The Mo/B4C/Si multilayer was designed to reflect 13.5-nm extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at an incident angle of 45 degrees, at which the maximum polarization sensitivity occurs. The sensitivity of this specially coated photodiode and its polarization responses were ...

The genetic changes taking place during adaptive evolution are particularly interesting in evolutionary biology. As a consequence of adaptive evolution, natural populations of an organism under selective conditions change genetically and phenotypically after a number of generations in order to survive in that particular environment. When a DNA-damaging and mutagenic agent like UV light is exper...

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) has important effects in urban areas, including those on human health. Broadband UV-B radiation is monitored in Baltimore, MD, as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a long-term ecological research program. We compare broadband UV-B irradiance in Baltimore with UV-B at two nearby locations: a more rural station 64 km southeast and a suburban station...