In part one of this series of articles, level measurement using a floating system was discusses and the instruments were recommended for each application. In the second part of these articles, level measurement with the aid of pressure instruments was discussed. In the third part of this series of articles, radar level measurement basics and parameters affecting its efficiency were explained an...

the condensation of benzylamine with glyoxal leads to hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (hbiw) in acetonitrile solvent with citric acid as a green catalyst under both conventional stirring and ultrasonic irradiation conditions. the influence of four variables, including the amount of catalyst, solvent, reaction time and ultrasonic power, on the reaction yield was investigated. the results showed t...

The propagation of low intensity ultrasound in a curing resin, acting as a high frequency oscillatory excitation, has been recently proposed as an ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA) for cure monitoring. The technique measures sound velocity and attenuation, which are very sensitive to changes in the viscoelastic characteristics of the curing resin, since the velocity is related to th...

INTRODUCTION Type I laryngoplasty has become the most dependable procedure for the management of anterior and midglottic incompetence since its classification by Isshiki in 1974. Many procedure variations have emerged, including the development of numerous techniques, implants, and prefabricated systems increasing the utilization of medialization laryngoplasty. Sharp dissection of the cartilage...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crowns of forty human canine teeth were removed, and after biomechanical preparation and filling, the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. The post spaces were made, and root canal molding was performed with self-cured acrylic resin. After casting (Cu-Al), th...

The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the viability of human normal (foreskin fibroblast and amniotic fluid epithelial) and tumor (breast carcinoma, melanoma, and lung carcinoma) cells lines was studied. Cells were subjected to ultrasonic irradiation with a frequency of 20 kHz and an intensity of 0.33 W/cm2 for variable periods of time. Several parameters were tested to determine the effects ...

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of local ultrasonic forcing on a turbulent boundary layer. The ultrasonic forcing system was constructed by adhering six ultrasonic transducers to a flat plate over which water was flowed. In this system, the ultrasonic waves projected into the water by the transducers caused cavitation, giving rise to an enormous number of tiny ai...

Ultrasonic gas flowmeters typically use narrowband piezoelectric transducer arrangements for interrogating the flow of gas in a pipe. In this work, the suitability of broadband electrostatic transducers operating at frequencies of up to 1 MHz for ultrasonic measurement of gas flow has been investigated. The transit time method of ultrasonic gas flow measurement was adopted and experiments were ...

An ultrasonic sensor has been used for detecting the amount of adulteration in full cream milk with water. The sample under test is filled in a rectangular perplex glass cell, containing ultrasonic transmitter and receiver which is kept in through transmitter mode for generating the ultrasonic waves. The acoustic wave passing through the sample gets attenuated. The level of