Energy efficiency is an emerging metric for the quality of integrated circuit designs. Applications ranging from wireless sensor networks to RFID tags to embedded microprocessors require extremely low power consumption to maintain good battery life. We advocate the use of aggressively scaled supply voltages in such applications to maximize energy efficiency. This paper reviews our recent progre...

BACKGROUND Low back pain syndromes are one of the most frequent causes of movement limitation in populations of highly industrialized countries. They are listed as the main cause of inability to work among people of working age. Chronic pain and the associated limitation of movement underlie the quest for effective therapies. The use of ultrasound, LLLT, vacuum therapy with Ultra Reiz current i...

The vibrational excitation of a tubular M13 bacteriophage capsid is simulated using classical molecular dynamics. The excitation occurs through impulsive stimulated Raman scattering by ultra-short laser pulses which ping the vibrational modes of the capsid. Tuning the laser pulse temporal width determines the frequency region of the capsid that is excited. The simulations reveal that electromag...

Thermoelectric coefficients of an ultra-thin topological insulator are presented here. The hybridization between top and bottom surface states of a topological insulator plays a significant role. In the absence of a magnetic field, the thermopower increases and thermal conductivity decreases with an increase in the hybridization energy. In the presence of a magnetic field perpendicular to the u...

Ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) pose a problem either for particle physics or for astrophysics (or for both) by the unexpectedly high number of cosmic ray showers observed with energy above ≈ 5 × 10 19 eV , the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff [1]. Our emphasis is on those possible solutions of the puzzle which assume that ultra high energy neutrinos travel cosmic distances. We presen...

full adder cell is often placed in the critical path of other circuits. therefore it plays an important role in determining the entire performance of digital system. moreover, portable electronic systems rely on battery and low-power design is another concern. in conclusion it is a vital task to design high-performance and low-power full adder cells. since delay opposes against power consumptio...

The strange timing property of X-ray pulsar 1E 1207.4-5209 can be explained by the hypothesis that it is a member of an ultra-compact binary system. This paper confronts the ultra-compact assumption with the observed properties of this pulsar. The gravitational potential well of an ultra-compact binary can enlarge the corotation radius and thus make it possible for accreting material to reach t...

This paper describes a symmetric ultra lowvoltage (ULV) rail-to-rail CMOS amplifiers using floating gates. Simulation of a compact differential ULV amplifier is presented.

We present a design-scheme for ultra-low power neuromorphic hardware using emerging spindevices. We propose device models for ‘neuron’, based on lateral spin valves and domain wall magnets that can operate at ultra-low terminal voltage of ~20 mV, resulting in small computation energy. Magnetic tunnel junctions are employed for interfacing the spin-neurons with charge-based devices like CMOS, fo...

Ultra wideband technology has shown great promise for providing high-quality location estimation, even in complex indoor multipath environments, but existing ultra wideband systems require tens to hundreds of milliwatts during operation. Backscatter communication has demonstrated the viability of astonishingly low-power tags, but has thus far been restricted to narrowband systems with low local...