This contribution introduces a new class of multipliers for finite fields GF((2 n ) 4 ). The architecture is based on a modified version of the Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm (KOA). By determining optimized field polynomials of degree four, the last stage of the KOA and the modulo reduction can be combined. This saves computation and area in VLSI implementations. The new algorithm leads to architect...

In this paper, we will consider Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of multipliers and ring derivations between Banach algebras. As a corollary, we will prove superstability of ring derivations and multipliers. That is, approximate multipliers and approximate ring derivations are exact multipliers and ring derivations.

Recently a new blind equalization method was proposed for the 16QAM constellation input inspired by the maximum entropy density approximation technique with improved equalization performance compared to the maximum entropy approach, Godard's algorithm, and others. In addition, an approximated expression for the minimum mean square error (MSE) was obtained. The idea was to find those Lagrange mu...