Routes to Diabetes The vast majority of diabetes patients suffer from type II diabetes. There are several theories for potential causes of its development, the most favored being the “exhaustion” of β-cells by chronic excess caloric intake combined with inactivity leading to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (1). Viral infection could be a potential cause, however mainly for type I ...

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most commen hyper androgenic disorders affecting women, its prevalence being estimated at 5% – 10%. Our goal was to survey abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and incidence of diabetes type 2 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and methods: This investigation is a descriptive – analytic study which is done to su...

Lipoatrophy is a rare complication of treatment with insulin analogues. It has been reported with insulin Lispro (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) and insulin Glargine (Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France). To our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of lipoatrophy with Aspart, biphasic Aspart and Detemir insulin analogues (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). We report the cases of four c...

In nonobese diabetic mice with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes, leptin therapy alone or combined with low-dose insulin reverses the catabolic state through suppression of hyperglucagonemia. Additionally, it mimics the anabolic actions of insulin monotherapy and normalizes hemoglobin A1c with far less glucose variability. We show that leptin therapy, like insulin, normalizes the levels of a wide ar...

Diabetes mellitus is responsible for billions in annual healthcare costs, is a leading cause of premature death inthe US, and is a driving factor of end-stage renal disease, heart disease, blindness, and amputations in the industrialized world. Managing diabetes is complex and can have significant impacts on quality of life. Traditional insulin pumps, whether subdermal, transdermal, or wearable...

Effective clinical trials of islet transplantation have been limited by the inability to transplant enough viable human islets into patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus to eliminate their exogenous insulin requirement. We report the first type I diabetic patient with an established kidney transplant on basal cyclosporin immunosuppression who was able to eliminate the insul...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether overweight Latino children with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (> or = 100 mg/dl) have increased insulin resistance or decreased beta-cell function compared with those with normal fasting glucose (NFG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 207 healthy overweight Latino children, aged 8-13 years, with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Fasting and 2-h glucose...

This paper employs a new approach to regulate the blood glucose level of type I diabetic patient under an intensive insulin treatment. The closed-loop control scheme incorporates expert knowledge about treatment by using reinforcement learning theory to maintain the normoglycemic average of 80 mg/dl and the normal condition for free plasma insulin concentration in severe initial state. The insu...

We have studied the role of the insulin receptor (IR) in metabolic and growth-promoting effects of insulin on primary cultures of skeletal muscle derived from the limb muscle of IR null mice. Cultures of IR null skeletal muscle displayed normal morphology and spontaneous contractile activity. Expression of muscle-differentiating proteins was slightly reduced in myoblasts and myotubes of the IR ...