This chapter summarizes the oxygen isotope geochemistry of terrestrial basalts and their mantle sources, including the conceptual framework for interpreting such data and the phenomenology of known variations. In particular, the first section outlines the motivations for and first-order results of oxygen isotope studies of terrestrial and lunar basalts over the last 30 years; the second section...

Visualizations of flood maps from simulation models are widely used for assessing the likelihood of flood hazards in spatial planning. The choice of a suitable type of visualization as well as efficient color maps is critical to avoid errors or bias when interpreting the data. Based on a review of previous flood uncertainty visualization techniques, this paper identifies areas of improvements a...

Increasing frequency and severity of flooding demands identification of flood hazard zones in Kalilangan, Bukidnon in response to the echoing need of better disaster preparedness via enhancing the understanding and awareness of the public on flood characteristics by integrating the use of two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling and remote sensing. Flood simulation was carried out in a two-dimensi...

The 135 Ma Paraná-Etendeka Large Igneous Province (PELIP) is one of the largest areas continental flood basalt (CFB) volcanism in world and widely agreed to be a product intracontinental melts related thermal anomalies from Tristan mantle plume. province rifted during break-up Gondwana, as plume transitioned into an oceanic geodynamic environment. This study reports analyses plume-derived basal...

Lunar sample 15474,4 is a tiny fragment of olivine-augite vitrophyre that is a mare basalt. Although petrographically distinct from all other Apollo 15 samples, it has been ignored since its first brief description. Our new petrographic and mineral chemical data show that the olivines and pyroxenes are distinct from those in other basalts. The basalt cooled and solidified extremely rapidly; som...

One of the characteristic features of Ordovician tectonism in the east Lachlan Fold Belt is the occurrence of calcalkaline to shoshonitic basalts, which have been recognised as part of an intraoceanic arc environment (Glen et al. 1998), consistent with early tectonic interpretations (Oversby 1971; Scheibner 1973). Aside from typical traceelement abundances of intraoceanic arcs, critical evidenc...

The Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle part of the fault (MNF; 2 Ma), are within-plate sodic-series alkali olivine basalts with high TiO2 and up to >16% normative nephel...

tertiary andesitic basalts of the sirjan area, urmieh-dokhtar magmatic arc, iran, contain plagioclase phenocrysts enclosed in a matrix of amphibole, clinopyroxene and rare olivine crystals. textural and compositional evidence suggests two significantly different types of plagioclase phenocrysts occur in the andesitic basalts. the most common type of plagioclase phenocrysts have zoning patterns ...

the lut block in eastern iran is a micro-continental block within the convergent orogen between the arabian, eurasian and indian plates. large areas of the north-central, eastern, and western lut block are covered by volcanic rocks of paleogene, neogene and quaternary age.  peak volcanic activity took place in the north-central part of the lut block during the eocene, and then dramatically decr...