The article explores the impact of malaria on infrastructure works--above all, railroads--under the republican drive towards modernization. Railways helped tie the territory together and foster the symbolic and material expansion of the Brazilian nation. The scientists entrusted with vanquishing such epidemic outbreaks did not just conduct campaigns; they also undertook painstaking observations...

U.S. Class I railways maintain their infrastructure through a mix of ordinary maintenance and periodic renewal of infrastructure components. Different railways use different proportions of ordinary maintenance and periodic renewal with little consensus as to the best combination. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of emphasizing one method over the other has not been analyzed using empirical d...

A. Sevinc1, M. Ozkan2, A. Ozet3, F. Dane4, B. Oksuzoglu5, A. Isikdogan6, F. Ozdemir7, D. Uncu8, M. Gumus9, T. Evrensel10, A. Yaren11, O. Kara12, S.B. TekIṅ13 Medical Oncology Department, Gaziantep University Onkoloji Hastanesi, Gaziantep, TURKEY Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty M. Kemal Dedeman, Oncology Hospital, Kayseri, TURKEY Medical Oncology, Gazi University Faculty of ...

Safety systems for railways have shifted from electronic relays to more computer-oriented approaches. This article highlights the language EURIS from NS Railinfrabeheer, which champions an object-oriented method for the speciication of interlocking logics.

We consider the Train Unit Shunting Problem, an important planning problem for passenger railway operators. This problem entails assigning physical train units to scheduled train services in such a way that the resulting shunting yard operations are feasible. As such, it arises at every shunting yard in the railway network and involves matching train units to arriving and departing train servic...

Human errors are regarded as one of the main causes for railway accidents these days. In spite of this fact, the consideration of human error probabilities in quantified risk analyses has been very rudimentary up to now. A lack of comprehensive data and analyses in literature lead to the use of estimations and values from other industries. This paper discusses the transferability of human error...

Indian Railways, since its inception have been under government ownership. But with increasing demand and cost pressures, entry of private sector has become inevitable. railways also embraced the idea use public partnership for better service efficient resource utilization. This paper studies effectiveness using (PPP) model in railways. The public-private investment, though a phenomenal success...

For AC railway power supply systems with a different frequency than the public grid, high-voltage AC (HVAC) transmission lines are common, connected to the catenary by transformers. This paper suggests an alternative design based on an HVDC (High Voltage DC) feeder, which is connected to the catenary by converters. Such an HVDC line would also be appropriate for DC-fed railways and AC-fed railw...

Why do nations fail? Wolcott and Clark [2009] offer a perspective on economic growth through a comparison of the cotton textile industries in India and Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Textile mills in the two nations had comparable outputs as of 1890. In the ensuing fifty years, output per worker hour quintupled in Japan but did not increase much in India. These tren...

Editorial Regulatory reforms in the South Asian region are moving ahead with a renewed vigor and the pace of activity is picking up in the region. The Bangladesh government has legalized Internet telephony, that is, VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) and the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission will award licenses and oversee operations of the VoIP operators. In Pakistan, privat...