Consider a simple connected fuzzy graph (FG) G and consider an ordered subset H = {(u1, σ(u1)), (u2, σ(u2)), …(uk, σ(uk))}, |H| ≥ 2 of graph; then, the representation σ − is k-tuple with regard to G. If any two elements do not have distinct H, then this called resolving set (FRS) smallest cardinality known as number (FRN) it denoted by Fr(G). Similarly, S such that for u∈S, ∃v∈V S, dominating o...

‎Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a graph‎, ‎$gamma_t(G)$. Let $ooir(G)$ be the total domination and OO-irredundance number of $G$‎, ‎respectively‎. ‎A total dominating set $S$ of $G$ is called a $textit{total perfect code}$ if every vertex in $V(G)$ is adjacent to exactly one vertex of $S$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we show that if $G$ has a total perfect code‎, ‎then $gamma_t(G)=ooir(G)$‎. ‎As a consequence, ...

Let G be a digraph. A set S ⊆ V (G) is called an efficient total dominating set if the set of open out-neighborhoods N−(v) ∈ S is a partition of V (G). We say that G is efficiently open-dominated if both G and its reverse digraph G− have an efficient total dominating set. Some properties of efficiently open dominated digraphs are presented. Special attention is given to tournaments and directed...

A set D of a vertices in a graph G = (V,E) is said to be a total dominating set of G if every vertex in V is adjacent to some vertex in D. The total domination number γt(G) is the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set. If γt(G) = |V (G)| , the minimum cardinality of a set E0 ⊆ E(G), such that G−E0 contains no isolated vertices and γt(G− E0) > γt(G), is called the total bondage number of...

Let G be a graph on n vertices and m edges. An edge is written xy (equivalently yx). A dominating set in G is a set of vertices D such that every vertex of G is either in D or is adjacent to some vertex of D. It is said to be minimal if it does not contain any other dominating set as a proper subset. For every vertex x let N [x] be {x} ∪ {y | xy ∈ E}, and for every S ⊆ V let N [S] := ⋃ x∈S N [x...

‎Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph‎. ‎A subset $Ssubset V$ is a hop dominating set‎‎if every vertex outside $S$ is at distance two from a vertex of‎‎$S$‎. ‎A hop dominating set $S$ which induces a connected subgraph‎ ‎is called a connected hop dominating set of $G$‎. ‎The‎‎connected hop domination number of $G$‎, ‎$ gamma_{ch}(G)$,‎‎‎ ‎is the minimum cardinality of a connected hop‎‎dominating set of $G$...