I was interested to read the case report of bathing epilepsy published by Stutchfield and Loh [1] and wish to comment on several misleading statements and factual errors. As the authors would know, we have published a comprehensive review of bath-induced events [2]. Since then, three further papers on bathing epilepsy have been published [3–6] together with a letter [6] confirming that what was...

The majority of bird taxa perform water bathing, but little is known about the adaptive value of this behaviour. If bathing is important for feather maintenance then birds that have not bathed should have poorer feather condition, compromised escape ability and therefore increased responsiveness to cues of predation. We conducted two experiments examining the behaviour of captive starlings resp...

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), a reliable technique for quantifying gene expression, requires stable reference genes to normalize its data. Salicornia europaea, a stem succulent halophyte with remarkable salt resistance and high capacity for ion accumulation, has not been investigated with regards to the selection of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR. In this ...

Objectives: A comparison study between ceramic full coverage FPDs & 3 designs of ceramic inlay retained FPDs regarding vertical marginal gap & retention. Materials & Methods: Twenty samples were constructed and divided into 4 groups according to the type of restorations: full coverage, inlay-shaped (occluso-proximal inlay + proximal box), tub-shaped (occluso-proximal inlay), and proximal box-sh...

Bathing is one of the main actions birds perform as part their preening. They may bathe in water, snow, dust, and even ants. Leaf bathing, where make use water droplets on leaves to bathe, less common. Here we describe four observations between 2017 2021 ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri bathing during rain.Over past twenty years have often seen monk Myiopsitta monachus puddles but never...

We have previously shown that norepinephrine (NE) inhibits the in vitro generation of anti-MOPC-315 CTL activity by spleen cells from BALB/c mice rejecting a large MOPC-315 tumor as a consequence of low-dose melphalan (l -phenylalanine mustard (l -PAM)) treatment (l -PAM TuB spleen cells). Since TNF-alpha plays a key role in the generation of antitumor CTL activity in this system, we determined...

BACKGROUND The tubby protein has a motif that might be relevant for its action in the insulin signaling pathway. Previous studies have indicated that tubby undergoes phosphorylation on tyrosine residues in response to several stimuli and is known to localize in the nucleus as well as in the plasma membrane. However, the relationship between phosphorylation and nuclear translocation is not well ...