Cover image: immunofluorescence staining of tTG (green) and tTG activity (red) in a brain blood vessel of the APP23 Alzheimer mouse model as used in Chapter 5. APP23 mice are originally from healthcare company Novartis. Image printed with permission of Novartis. Chapter images: immunofluorescence stainings of collagen (green) in culture plates after removal of cells, as described in Chapter 4.

BACKGROUND Assays for IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin (IgG-anti-dGli) are comparable in performance with tests detecting IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (IgA-anti-tTG) in diagnosing celiac disease (CD). IgA-anti-tTG are absent in IgA deficiency, a condition often associated with CD. In IgA deficiency, IgG-anti-tTG, which have a lower overall diagnostic accuracy, are rou...

Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal disorder with multifactorial etiology. HLA and non-HLA genes together with gluten and possibly additional environmental factors are involved in disease development. Evidence suggests that CD4(+) T cells are central in controlling an immune response to gluten that causes the immunopathology, but the actual mechanisms responsible for the tissue damage are as y...

T he family of transglutaminases (TG) includes the plasma form factor XIIIa as well as the tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGk). In particular, tTG reminds every gastroenterologist primarily of coeliac disease where tTG represents the key autoantigen. Disease induction is confined to tTG, a ubiquitous enzyme which is released from fibroblasts, endothelial, and i...

Previously, three structurally related proteins, MyoD, myogenin, and Myf5, have been identified, and each of them was found to convert C3HlOT1/2 fibroblasts to myoblasts when their respective cDNAs were expressed under the control of a viral promoter. Here, we describe the cloning and DNA sequencing of myogenin cDNAs from chicken and mouse. They encode polypeptides highly homologous to each oth...

Celiac disease is a gluten-induced autoimmune enteropathy characterized by the presence of tissue tranglutaminase (tTG) autoantibodies. A disposable electrochemical immunosensor (EI) for the detection of IgA and IgG type anti-tTG autoantibodies in real patient's samples is presented. Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) nanostructurized with carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles were used ...

Background The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is remarkably varied in Down syndrome(DS)patientscompared with other diseases.  This study aimed to assess celiac disease prevalence in Down syndrome children with and without congenital heart defects (CHD) and its comparison with controls. Materials and Methods This case-control study was performed at a single center on 132 participants in three...

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) on the oxidative stress (OS) status in kidney, lung, and serum of rats. Methods: Male Wistar Rats were treated intraperitoneally with 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day of CONPs. The biochemical parameters, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol group (TTG), malon...

The majority of celiac disease affected patients are undiagnosed. Since the epidemiology and phenotype of CD is constantly changing towards latent, hyposymptomatic or asymptomatic behavior and since there is an increased risk of complications, early diagnosis and subsequent adherence to gluten-free diet is highly recommended. Multiple serological tests are on the market and the most frequently ...

Selective translation of survival proteins is an important facet of the cellular stress response. We recently demonstrated that this translational control involves a stress-specific reprogramming of modified ribonucleosides in tRNA. Here we report the discovery of a step-wise translational control mechanism responsible for survival following oxidative stress. In yeast exposed to hydrogen peroxi...