results our study showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of -1661 a/g snp between patients with sle and healthy controls (p > 0.05). conclusions in conclusion, we found no association between snp-1661 a/g of the ctla-4 promoter region and susceptibility to sle in our population. objectives to evaluate the potential influences of co...

abstract background ulcerative colitis (uc) is characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation limited to the mucosal layer of the colon. calprotectin is a zinc and calcium binding protein derived from neutrophils and monocytes. it is easily detectable in tissue samples, body fluids, and stools, which makes it a potentially valuable marker of inflammation. the aim of the current study is to...

the genome of hb v virus of serotype ayw cloned in pbr322 and expression shuttle vector p yes2 were used for construction of the hbsag chimeric genes and their expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. two recombinant plasmids were constructed. one of them contained the coding sequences for the major polypeptide of surface antigen. another construct carried the major polypeptide with the pre-s2 a...

to prepare hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antigen the egg drop syndrome virus (edsv) was propagated in 10-day-old embryonated duck eggs. the virus antigen was inactivated with two methods including heating (65°c) and adding 0.5% formaldehyde by considering low destroying effect on hemagglutination (ha) and hi titers. the edsv hi titers of 310 sera and 100 yolks obtained from 23 chicken farms ...

the measurement of antibody responses of animals exposed to bvdv either through a natural exposure or an immunization protocol is still a standard procedure. for bvdv, the test formats have been largely limited to elisa which is a valuable diagnostic test to measure the level of bvdv specific antibodies as well as antigen in blood samples. in the present study, 120 blood samples were collected ...

background: hydatidosis is one of the most important helminthic diseases causing serious health and economic problems in many countries including iran. currently available diagnostic approaches for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (ce) are not satisfactory since they have not achieved a reasonable validity in diagnosis of ce. this study aimed to assess the perform¬ances of western blotting (w...

Background and Aims: Influenza is an acute respiratory illness that is caused by a virus belonging to Orthomyxoviridae family. This virus spreads rapidly every year in cold season and leads to morbidities and mortalities especially in adults and children, which causes billions of dollars of economic losses. Accordingly, development of a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive laboratory diagnosis base...

common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is a heterogeneous heritable disease characterized by arrest in b cell differentiation. an association between cvid and two hla haplotypes, haplotype i (hla-a1, hla-b8, hla-dr3) and haplotype ii (hla-a29, hla-b44, hladr7)has been previously documented. in the present study, we have attempted to find an association between susceptibility to cvid and hla cl...

background: detection of hepatitis c virus specific antibodies is the initial step in chronic hcv diagnosis.  hcv ns4b is among the most immunogenic hcv antigens and has been widely used in commercial enzyme immunoassays (eia). additionally, ns4b, a key protein in the virus replication, can be an alternative target for antiviral therapy.objectives: development of a new method for high-level exp...

human fascioliasis due to unknown species and animal fascioliasis caused by both or one of fasciola spp. are commonly seen in iran. to compare electrophoretic patterns of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of f. hepatica and f. gigantica  by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), the adult flukes were collected from infected slaughtered bovine livers. e/s a...