The aim of this review is to provide a basic framework for understanding the function of mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, particularly as they have been elucidated in heterologous expression systems. Mammalian TRP channel proteins form six-transmembrane (6-TM) cation-permeable channels that may be grouped into six subfamilies on the basis of amino acid sequence homology (T...

3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), which is a tryptophan pyrolysate formed during cooking, induces apoptosis in rat splenocytes, thymocytes, and hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated whether Trp-P-1 is transported into these cells and causes apoptosis. Trp-P-1 was immediately incorporated into rat splenocytes, thymocytes, and hepatocytes in a dose- and time-dependent m...

Equinatoxin II (EqtII) is a eukaryotic cytolytic toxin that avidly creates pores in natural and model lipid membranes. It contains five tryptophan residues in three different regions of the molecule. In order to study its interaction with the lipid membranes, three tryptophan mutants, EqtII Trp(45), EqtII Trp(116/117) and EqtII Trp(149), were prepared in an Escherichia coli expression system [h...

We assessed the plasma amino acids, glucose, and insulin responses of obese and lean control subjects to midafternoon carbohydrate snacks. After a standard 400 kcal lunch, eight lean and nine obese subjects received, at 2PM, a 30 g sucrose snack; blood samples were obtained at hourly intervals until 6 PM. Each subject participated in four similar studies in which the carbohydrate snack was cons...

The mechanism of superrepression by the mutant trp repressor EK49 was examined. This superrepressor has a glutamic acid-to-lysine change at residue 49. The purified EK49 trp repressor was found to have a 10-fold higher affinity than wild type repressor for trp operator DNA. This increased affinity was shown to be due to a decrease in dissociation rate. The binding of trp operator DNA by EK49 tr...

The current study demonstrated that theasinensin A (TSA) had a potential to form the complex with hydrophobic Trp-containing dipeptides, and to reduce their membrane potential by artificial-lipid membrane taste sensor. At a 1:3 molar ratio of the 6 Trp-containing dipeptides together with TSA, we observed a significant chemical shift of the protons of the dipeptides (Δδ) to a high magnetic field...

There is no consensus concerning the Trp requirement for piglets expressed relative to Lys on a standardized ileal digestible basis (SID Trp : Lys). A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the SID Trp : Lys ratio that maximizes performance of weaned piglets between 7 and 25 kg of BW. A database comprising 130 experiments on the Trp requirement in piglets was established. The nutritional value...

Optimum standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan (Trp) to lysine (Lys) ratio was estimated for 67–96 kg barrows fed low protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids (AA). One hundred and fifty Yorkshire × Landrace barrows, with an average initial body weight (BW) of 67.3 ± 3.2 kg, were used in a 28-day feeding trial. All dietary treatments were based on corn, wheat bran, and so...

SETH4 coding sequence with 2013 bp is a member of gene family expressed in gametophytic tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. This fragment was PCR amplified using Kod Hi Fi DNA polymerase enzyme. This fragment was cloned into pGBKT7 bate vector and transformed E. coli DH5? cells containing vector were selected on LB medium containing Kanamycin. Finally, pGBKT7-SETH4 bate was transformed into yeast ...