Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) which lack a stop codon result in ribosomes stalled at the 3’ end of mRNA. Alternative ribosome-rescue factor B (ArfB) rescues by tRNA-peptide hydrolysis and thus releasing peptide. ArfB consists an N-terminal domain with GGQ motif required for hydrolysis, C-terminal acts as sensor empty mRNA entry channel, linker connecting domains. binds to ribosomal A site regardless l...

Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) occurs in two types: the discriminating enzyme (D-AspRS) forms only Asp-tRNA(Asp), whereas the nondiscriminating enzyme (ND-AspRS) also synthesizes Asp-tRNA(Asn), which is a required intermediate for protein synthesis in many organisms. We attempted to expand the tRNA recognition of the discriminating Thermococcus kodakaraensis AspRS to that of a ND-AspRS by in ...

An essential step in the replication of all retroviruses is the capture of a cellular tRNA that is used as the primer for reverse transcription. The 3'-terminal 18 nucleotides of the tRNA are complementary to the primer binding site (PBS). Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) preferentially captures tRNA(Pro). To investigate the specificity of primer selection, the PBS of MuLV was altered to be...

The distribution of cytokinin activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum) germ tRNA fractionated by BD-cellulose and RPC-5 chromatography has been examined. As in other organisms, the cytokinin moieties in wheat germ tRNA appear to be restricted to tRNA species that would be expected to respond to codons beginning with U. Only a few of the wheat germ tRNA species in this coding group actually contain...

The biochemical properties of two species of methionine transfer ribonucleic acid from bakers’ yeast, separated by diethylaminoethyl Sephadex column chromatography, have been studied. Each species of the two methionine tRNAs, designated methionine tRNA I and methionine tRNA II, respectively, has been purified by benzoylated DEAEcellulose column chromatography. Methionine tRNA I can be esterifie...

Transfer RNA is an essential molecule for biologlcal system, and each tRNA molecule commonly has a c]overleaf structure. Previously, we experimentally showed that some Drosophila tRNA (tRNAAia, tRNAHis, artd tRNAMet) molecules fit to form another, non-cloyerleaf, strllcture in which the 3'-half of the tRNA molecules forms an atternatiye hairpin, and that the tRNA molecules are internally cleaye...

Can a queuine-specific tRNA function normally without replacement of G by Q in its structure? To answer this, kinetics of aspartate queuine-containing tRNA (Q-tRNA) is compared with its queuine-deficient counterpart (G-tRNA). The results indicate that Asp Q-tRNA is a more effective substrate than the Asp G-tRNA. The Asp Q-tRNA exhibits a higher reaction velocity (Vmax greater than 30%) and a hi...

Point mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes are responsible for individual subgroups of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. We have recently reported that point mutations in the tRNA(Leu)(UUR) and tRNA(Lys) genes cause a defect in the normal modification at the first nucleotide of the anticodon. As part of a systematic analysis of pathogenic mutant mitochondrial tRNAs, we purified tRNA(Ile) with...

BD-cellulose and RPC-5 chromatography of tRNA isolated from lactating bovine mammary gland showed the presence of four seryl-tRNA isoacceptors. The species, tRNA IV Ser, with the strongest affinity for BD-cellulose (required ethanol in the elution buffer) could be phosphorylated in the presence of serine, [gamma-32 P]-ATP, seryl-tRNA synthetase and phosphotransferase activity from the same tiss...

A dual-specific derivative of yeast tRNA(Phe) is described whose features facilitate structure-function studies of tRNAs. This tRNA has been made in three different bimolecular forms that allow modifications to be easily introduced into any position within the molecule. A set of deoxynucleotide substituted versions of this tRNA has been created and used to examine contacts between tRNA and Esch...