Environmental releases of tritium oxide at a number of Department of Energy nuclear weapons facilities contribute to a significant portion of environmental dose. Several conversion factors are utilized in the estimation of human impact from these releases, e.g., dispersion coefficients, consumption rates, uptake factors, transport factors, dose conversion factors, and risk coefficients. A proba...

The tritium content of U.S. National Bureau of Standards tritiated water Standard Reference Materials SRM-4926, -4926C and -4927B have been measured by mass spectrometry, where the accumulation of 3He from tritium decay is measured as a function of time. The averaged results, which are compared with other independent calibrations, are 0.7% higher than the NBS certified values and have an uncert...

A number of palladium alloys have been loaded with deuterium or hydrogen under low energy plasma bombardment in a system that allows the continuous measurement of tritium. Long run times (up to 200 h) result in an integration of the tritium and this, coupled with the high intrinsic sensitivity of the system (~ 0.1nCi/l), enables the significance of the tritium measurement to be many sigma (>10)...

The thermal cycling absorption process (TCAP) is a semi-continuous chromatographic process for hydrogen isotope separation developed at the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) of the Savannah River Site (SRS) to support the tritium production and recycling operations for the national defense program. Hydrogen has three isotopes—protium, deuterium, and tritium. Among these, protium is known ...

The helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB) breeding blanket (BB) is one of the two driver-blanket candidates for European DEMO fusion reactor. Recent design activities were focused, among other objectives, on achievement an efficient shielding system to adequately protect vacuum vessel (VV) and toroidal field coils (TFCs). Several options have been studied in terms architecture (e.g., in-BB shield ex-...

In the design of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion power plants, breeding blanket (BB) plays a crucial role since it must fulfil key functions such as tritium breeding, radiation-shielding, and removal heat generated by plasma. The latter task is achieved first wall (FW) zone (BZ) cooling systems, which in water-cooled lithium–lead (WCLL) BB employ pressurized water. Different arrangements BZ...

Savannah River Tritium Enterprise has used LaNi4.25Al0.75 (LANA75) hydride beds to store hydrogen isotopes for over two decades. A benefit of using LANA75 is that the 3He generated from tritium dec...

Introduction Fast particles, such as fusion-born alphas and energetic ions from external heating, are important in ITER for two primary reasons: 1) They are responsible for self-sustained heating and current drive. 2) They constitute a significant energy source in the plasma and, therefore, pose a potential risk to the material structures. In this work we study how magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ins...

This paper presents results from a recent effort initiated under the JUPITER-II collaborative program for high temperature gas-cooled blanket systems using SiCf /SiC as a structural material. Current emphasis is to address issues associated with the function of the helium gas considered in the DREAM and ARIES-I concepts by performing thermomechanical and thermofluid analysis. The objective of t...