Tricyclic chemical structures are the core of many important drugs targeting all neurotransmitter pathways. These medicines enable effective therapies to treat from peptic ulcer disease psychiatric disorders. However, when administered systemically, they cause serious adverse effects that limit their use. To obtain localized and on-demand pharmacological action using light, we have designed pho...

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the annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring $r$ is denoted by $ag(r)$, whose vertices are all nonzero ideals of $r$ with nonzero annihilators and two distinct vertices $i$ and $j$ are adjacent if and only if $ij=0$. in this article, we completely characterize rings $r$ when $gr(ag(r))neq 3$.