Urban trees can produce a number of benefits, among them improved air quality. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by some species are ozone precursors. Modifying future tree planting to favor lower-emitting species can reduce these emissions and aid air management districts in meeting federally mandated emissions reductions for these compounds. Changes in BVOC emissions are cal...

In tropical regions, different species of fiddler crabs coexist on the mangrove floor, which sometimes makes it difficult to define species-specific habitat by visual inspection. The aim of this study is to find key environmental parameters which affect the distribution of fiddler crabs and to determine the habitats in which each species was most abundant. Crabs were collected from 19 sites wit...

Fuel-reduction/forest restoration treatments that consist of thinning followed by prescribed burning are becoming increasingly important land management actions that likely affect various wildlife species. To assess potential effects on bark-gleaning birds, we compared the foraging patterns of five cavity-nesting species in thinned and burned ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest sites and co...

We investigated the shortand long-term effects of a controlled burn in Acacia drepanolobium woodland in Laikipia, Kenya in 1998. Fire temperatures averaged 250!C at ground level, with a maximum of over 500!C, but were rarely >100!C at 1.5 m above the ground or more. Nine months after the fire, virtually all A. drepanolobium trees had survived the fire. Some smaller trees were burnt to ground le...

The T-R Trees software system is a set of software tools for the graphical and programmatic manipulation of expressive and structural hierarchies in music composition. It is loosely based on the hierarchies described in Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoof’s landmark book A Generative Theory of Tonal Music—weighted grouping and prolongational reduction trees (also called tension-relaxation or T-R tr...

The increase in individual and professional customer expectations, as well as the fast technological evolutions, are leading to the design of the Next Generation Internet (NGI). Network optimization allows operators to efficiently deliver high-quality services at reduced costs. Due to the pre-eminence of Ethernet technologies at the customer premises and in the access network segment, and due t...

This paper examines feature selection for log linear models over rich constraint-based grammar (HPSG) representations by building decision trees over features in corresponding probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs). We show that single decision trees do not make optimal use of the available information; constructed ensembles of decision trees based on different feature subspaces show signi...

This researcha ims to analyze noise due traffic volume what happened in the village of Tibubeneng. Quantitative data collection was obtained by calculating level which is measured for 1 (one) hour and human activity Which dB(A) sound pressure measurement 10 minutes each readings are taken every 5 seconds. The results set forth a volume, road geometry survey form.Traffic Noise Level Prediction M...