RHINITIS IS A GLOBAL PROBLEM AND IS DEFINED AS THE PRESENCE OF AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction. The two major classifications are allergic and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Allergic rhinitis occurs when an allergen is the trigger for the nasal symptoms. NAR is when obstruction and rhinorrhea occurs in relation to nonallergic, n...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Several techniques of endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea were prescribed. Defect localization was mandatory for all. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on nonaccidental CSF rhinorrhea. The sensitivity and specificity of image-guided navigation in localizing the defect were studied. The feasibility and reliab...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is rarely reported as the first presenting feature of giant invasive macroprolactinomas. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is usually reported as a complication of trauma, neurosurgical, and skull-based procedures (such as pituitary surgery or radiations), and less frequently after medical treatment with dopamine agonists (DAs) for macroprolactinomas. This phen...

MR was useful in verifying CSF rhinorrhea following removal of an intracanalicular acoustic neurinoma via the occipital route in a 29-year-old man. MR accurately identified the location of the CSF leak.